Hnc Poverty Essay - 1080 Words

|In this report you will read about poverty and what is meant by poverty. Included will be an exploration of the differences between | |absolute and relative poverty. You will also read about the relationship between poverty and inequality, covering the types of | |inequality between gender and class and also, the extent of poverty in the current British context. I will also cover causes of | |poverty and inequality using sociological theories. Ending this report you will read into the effects of poverty and inequality in | |relation to behaviour, experiences and life chances on young people. | |†¦show more content†¦There are four classes in society; these are the underclass, the working class, the middle | |class and the upper class. The inequality of class causes poverty as individuals are limited to wealth, resources and opportunities | |within society. A case of inequality that relates to poverty is gender. This is when men and women are treated differently from each| |other regarding their roles and position within society. It is fair to say that women have been treated as less than equals and have| |had lesser opportunities within employment and chances | | | |Within Scotland, there were 980,000 people living in relative poverty and 620,000 across Britain working but living in relative | |poverty in 2007. (www.bbc.com). There were also 250,000 children living in relative poverty, and 150,000 children living in absolute| |poverty within Scotland in the same year. (Save the Children in Scotland). | | | |A feminist perspective is the sociology theory you could useShow MoreRelatedHnc Social Care Essay4439 Words   |  18 PagesHNC Social Care Booklet of Assessments This document contains all the assessment information you will need for the HNC Social Care. They are collated in chronological order with the lecturer responsible (where this is known) identified on the assessment. It is up to the learner to ensure that the assessment is handed in by the deadline. The assessment schedule will be posted on the moodle site. All work should be word processed and include appropriate references both in main

Example Essay for Primary Research Free Essays

OUTLINE I. Introduction * Definition of young adults: Take responsibilities for their own action (Newman, B. M Newman, P. We will write a custom essay sample on Example Essay for Primary Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now R, 1983) * Young adults should live with their parents. II. Body 1. Save money * Affected by economic crises: Number of youth unemployment (Barnes, 2012) * Save the daily expenses ( Vander Zanden, 1997) 2. Close relationship among family members * Parents: + Support emotion (Philip, 1998) + Take care of each other (Logan Spitze, 1996) * Siblings: + Share every day routines (Newman, B. M Newman, P. R, 1983) + Confide each other (Newman, B. M Newman, P. R, 1983) . Reduce bad effects for personal development * Evidences: + Unexpected pregnancy (Philip, 1998) + Less successful marriages and work lives (Berk, 1998) + Increased depression (Rosenfeld, 2010) * Role of family: Safety net (Berk, 1998). 4. Counterargument and refutation: * Counterargument: Young adults will gain experience when they leave home * Refutation: + Parent’s opinions are better than peer’s opinion (Newman, B. M Newman, P. R, 1983) + Important role of social support from parents (Philip, 1998) + Free to go out to get experience because of democracy parents (Turner Helms, 1989) III. Conclusion Young adults should remain to co-reside with their parents because of the lack of advices, financial and emotional support from their family (Berk, 1998). Young generations play an importance role for the future generation in their country. The government always gives priority to these generations including children, adolescents, and young adults. However, young adults acknowledged to have rights to take responsibilities for their own action (Newman, B. M Newman, P. R, 1983) possess the best for developing the country. Whether early adults should live at home with their parents or leave their parental home is still controversial. In our opinion, early adults should co-reside with their parents for several reasons. The first reason why early adults should live with their family is that they have an opportunity to save money. Economic circumstances present many challenges for young adults because most usually graduate from high school, they find a place in college and start a job (Crandell, T. L, Crandell, C. H Vander Zanden, 2009). Besides, economic crises have led unemployment for â€Å"75 million† young people between the ages of 15 to 24 years old (Barnes, 2012). Due to the low starting salaries, many young adults struggle to pay their daily expenses (Vander Zanden, 1997). Furthermore, according to Hartley (1993), in Australia, 45% of surveyed people said the main reason for returning home in the first time is financial problems. Secondly, early adults who do not make a residential transition have a closer relationship with family members than those leaving home do. Beside financial support, children will receive love and moral support from their parents (Philip, 1998). Parents, moreover, are willing to provide guidance for their children that help them make better choices and decisions. As a result, the relationship between parents and children is more valuable than young adults and peers (Logan Spitze, 1996). In addition, the siblings are typically the first peer group in both childhood and adulthood. Young adults living at home benefit from sharing every day routines ith their siblings like joining he meal, splitting dress or taking care of one another, especially, when they are ill (Newman, B. M Newman, P. R, 1983, p. 231). Furthermore, when young adults cope with problems to express themselves with their parents, teachers and social peers, the siblings are likely to be appropriated people to confide (Newman, B. M Newman, P. R, 1983). Thirdly, early adults living at home will reduce bad effects on personal development. Young people are li kely to become self-indulgent including the temptation of drugs and alcohol when there is no parental supervision. According to Philip (1998), negative economic and social effects leading to a great number of dangers as â€Å"teen-aged motherhood† are the results of leaving home at very early young age (p. 557). In addition, detaching themselves from their net at young age make early adults hard to succeed in marriage and work (White as cited in Berk, 1998). Nevertheless, young adults presume that the goal of leaving home is to have an independent life, which makes them easily anxious and depressed (Olds Schwartz as cited in Rosenfeld, 2010). Bruch et al. Cheek Busch (as cited in Berk, 1998) said that â€Å"socially anxious people report more loneliness† (p. 461). Therefore, the family is the best address to release stress and decrease social dangers for early adults because â€Å"the parental home serves as a safety net and base of operation for launching adult life† (Berk, 1998, p. 463). The opponents of co-residence with parents say that young adults will get experience when leaving home. However, gaining experience does not depend on who they live with and young adults can get valuable experiences while living with their parents. In fact, peer’s advices are not always as reliable and effective as parents’ in some cases (Newman, B. M Newman, P. R, 1983). Moreover, the necessity of social support from their parents for the maturity of young adults was the conclusion of a study of 175 18 and 19-year-old college students (Philip, 1998). According to Turner and Helms (1989), 83% of the adolescents have â€Å"democratic parents† (p. 288) because they still have the freedom to participate in social activities and do part-time jobs to broaden knowledge when living at home. Additionally, they also can help their parents with household chores, which narrows the generation gap and helps them learn essential skills for an independent life later. In conclusion, due to the current economic crises and dramatic changes in society, especially the increase of social dangers, young adults should live in their parental home to avoid harmful influences on themselves and their family as well. By contrast, young adults who decide to leave home at an early age may face difficulties for a long time because of the lack of advices, financial and emotional support from their parents (Berk, 1998). Words: 769 REFERENCES Barnes, H. (2012). Global Youth unemployment: Making sense of the numbers. BBC News. Retrieved from http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/business-19745115. Berk, L. E. (1998). Development through the lifespan. The USA: A Viacom Company. Crandell, T. L. , Crandell, C. H. , Vander Zanden, J. W. (2009). Human Development. (9th ed. ). New York: The McGraw-Hill Company. F. Philip Rice. (1998). Human Development. (3rd ed. ). The USA: A Viacom company. Hartley, R. (1993). Young Adults living at home. Australian Institute of Family Studies. Reproduced from FAMILY MATTERS no. 36 December 1993, pp. 35-37. Retrieved from http://www. ifs. gov. au/institute/pubs/fm1/fm36rh1. html. Logan, J. R. , Spitze, G. D. (1996). Family Ties: Enduring Relations between Parents and Their Grown Children. The USA: Temple University. Newman, B. M. , Newman, P. R. (1983). Understanding Adulthood. The USA: CBS College Publishing. Rosenfeld, M. J. (2010). The Independence of Young Adults, in Historical Perspectiv e. Journal of Family Therapy Magazine, 9 (3), 17-19. Turner, J. F. , Helms, D. B. (1989). Contemporary Adulthood. (4th, ed. )The USA: Saunders College Publishing Vander Zanden, J. W. (1997). Human Development. (6th ed. ). The USA: The McGraw-Hill Company. . How to cite Example Essay for Primary Research, Essays

Exchange Rates Australian Dollar

Questions: 1. Briefly summarise the main issues discussed in this article?2.Using Demand and Supply model of exchange rate determination briefly explain how AUD is determined in the forex market, and what factors influence its fluctuations.3.Using exchange rate data from Reserve Bank of Australia and graphs (monthly data of last three years) analyse the movement of AUD relative to that of the US dollar? Is it in line with the world commodity price movement during this period? Are there any other factors contributing to this behaviour of the Australian dollar?4.Do you think that the AUD will fall as low as US 65C by the end of 2016? Justify your answer. What advantages do you think Australia will have in such a scenario? 5. If the market rate is US 65C then what action could the Reserve Bank of Australia take in order to maintain the exchange rate at US 70C, and what side effects might this action have on the Australian economy? Do you think that such actions would be effective? Answers: 1. The article is about the falling exchange rate of the Australian dollar. The author of the article, Mulligan (2016) began by noting that the silence of Glenn Stevens, the Reserve Bank of Australia governor, could tell that he was happy with the manner in which the Australian dollar fell in the year 2015. Further, the governor, in a statement of his monthly board meeting, replaced the observation that further depreciation in the value of the Australian dollar was both necessary and likely with the statement that the Australian dollar was adjusting to the momentous decline in the prices of the key commodities. The argument advanced by the RBA governor in support of the falling value of the Australian dollar is that it enhances the competitiveness of the country when it comes to exports. This is because it makes the export of the country to be desirable to its trading partners. Lastly, it has been posited in the article that there is an expectation that the value of the Australian do llar will decline further. One of the factors that have been suggested to be the cause of this is the decline in the terms of trade of Australia. 2. According to Adrian, Etula, and Shin (2015), Australian dollar is not an exception since the selling and buying of currencies take place in the markets known as foreign exchange markets just like any other commodity market. The determination of the Australian dollars exchange rate can be done by looking at its demand and supply in the foreign exchange market. The demand for Australian dollar in the foreign exchange market market arise from the demand for the exports of Australian goods, and from the speculators that are looking to make profit in the changes in the value of the Australian dollar (Bacchetta Van Wincoop, 2013). The demand for imports from abroad in the Australian domestic market determines the supply of the Australian currency in the forex market. When Australia imports motor vehicles from Japan, it has to pay in Japanese yen ((), and for it to buy Japanese yen, it has to sell Australian dollar. This implies that it will be supplying the Australian dollar in the for ex market. Given the demand of the goods produced by Australia and the supply of the Australian dollar in the forex market, market fixes its exchange rate against another currency at a point where its demand equates its supply as shown in the figure. The figure above shows the Australian dollars (AUD) exchange rate vis-a-vis the U.S. dollar (USD). S is the supply curve of the Australian dollar while D is its demand curve. The point of intersection of the two curves is where the forex market fixes the Australian dollars (AUD) exchange rate vis-a-vis the U.S. dollar (USD). The fluctuations of the exchange rate of the Australian dollar may result from the changes in its demand and supply (Bown Crowley, 2013). For instance, if there is an increase in the exports of the Australian products, there will be an increment in the Australian dollars demand and this will shift the demand curve to the right. This eventually raises the Australian dollars exchange rate. Interest rate is another factor that can lead to fluctuations or changes in the Australian dollars exchange rate. When there is an increase in the interest rates in Australia as compared to other countries, investors will demand more of Australian dollar and this raises its exchange rate. On the other hand, if there is a decrease in interest rates in Australia, more will be invested in Australia and this will lead to a decrease in the Australian dollars demand and hence a decrease in its exchange rate. 3. The figure below shows the movement of the Australian dollars exchange rate vis a - vis the U.S. dollar. The data used in coming up with the figure was drawn from the database of the Reserve Bank of Australia, and it shows data monthly data of last three years (from 2013 to 2015). From the figure, it can be noted that there was a general decrease in the Australian dollars exchange rate vis a vis the U.S. dollar for the period between January 2013 and December 2015. This clearly indicates that the value of the U.S. dollar was strengthening agaisnt the Australian dollar. This trend is in congruent with the movement of the commodity price in the world during this period. This is because the U.S. government bonds or the U.S. currency proved to be popular ports in storm during this period. This is implies that there was an increment in demand for the U.S. government bonds because the U.S. dollar became stronger as compared to most currencies in the world. As such, there was an increase in demand for the U.S. dollar and this weakened a number of currencies, which saw them experience a decline in exchange rate within this period. The main reason behind this is that most commodities are priced in U.S. dollars. Another factor that might have led to the trend in the e xchange rate of the Australian dollar that has been shown in the figure above is the decrease in demand for the Australian Iron ore. 4. I believe that the Australian dollars value will decline as low as U.S. 65C by the end of 2016. One of the justifications for this is that the prices of the commodities produced by Australia like Iron ore will fall and this implies that they will cost less in the international markets. A fall in the prices of the Australian Iron ore implies that there will be a decrement in the value of the Australian exports. A decrease in the value of the Australian exports implies that there will be less demand of the Australian dollar and this means that its exchange rate will decrease (Cenedese, Payne, Sarno, Valente, 2016). Another factor that points to a further decline in the exchange rate of the Australian dollar is the most recent monetary policy in the United States, which has created an expectation that there will be an increase in the U.S interest rates. This indicates that most investors will prefer investing in the United States and this will eventually lead to an increase in the v alue of the U.S. dollar (Burstein Gopinath, 2013). A decline the Australian dollars value will be advantageous to Australia in the sense that it will lead to job creation and as such lowering the unemployment rate. When the exchange rate of the Australian dollar goes down, it implies that imports will be more expensive while Australian exports will become cheaper (Bergsten Halm, 2015). This will lead to a decrement in imports and an increment in exports. When there is an increase exports, it implies that the domestic firms will benefit from an increase in sales volume. As such, they will hire more workers to help in the production process to allow them meet the increased demand for their products. Hiring more workers implies the domestic firms have created jobs and this implies there will be a decrease in the unemployment rate. 5. In case the rates prevailing in the market is U.S 65C then the action that the action that could be taken by the Reserve Bank of Australia for the purposes of maintaining the exchange rate at a level of US 70C is to increase its interest rates. This is because high interest rates will attract foreign investors into the Australian economy. This will increase the Australian dollars demand in the international market. When the demand for the Australian dollar increases in the forex market, it implies that its exchange rate will increase and as such, the Reserve Bank of Australia will be able to maintain the exchange rate at US 70C. The effect that this action will have on the economy of Australia is that it will lead to a decrease in the supply of money in the economy. This is because an increase in interest rates will discourage borrowers and the private citizens from borrowing money from the banks. This implies less money supply in the Australian economy. High interest rates may discourage domestic firms that depend on the loans offered by the banks, as their source of capital for operating their business activities (Basher, Haug, Sadorsky, 2012). This indicates that there will be a decrease in the production in the economy and it may eventually results into a decrease in economic growth. A decrease in production level and economic growth may results into an increase in the unemployment rate in the economy. As such, this action would not be effective. However, it will only be effective in a situation where there is high level of inflation in the economy. Nevertheless, in the long - run, the action is not viable. References Adrian, T., Etula, E., Shin, H. S. (2015). Risk appetite and exchange rates. Bacchetta, P., Van Wincoop, E. (2013). On the unstable relationship between exchange rates and macroeconomic fundamentals. Journal of International Economics, 91(1), 18-26. Basher, S. A., Haug, A. A., Sadorsky, P. (2012). Oil prices, exchange rates and emerging stock markets. Energy Economics, 34(1), 227-240. Bergsten, C. F., Halm, G. N. (2015). Approaches to Greater Flexibility of Exchange Rates: The Burgenstock Papers. Princeton University Press. Bown, C. P., Crowley, M. A. (2013). Import protection, business cycles, and exchange rates: evidence from the Great Recession. Journal of International Economics, 90(1), 50-64. Burstein, A., Gopinath, G. (2013). International prices and exchange rates (No. w18829). National Bureau of Economic Research. Cenedese, G., Payne, R., Sarno, L., Valente, G. (2016). What do stock markets tell us about exchange rates?. Review of Finance, 20(3), 1045-1080. Cheung, Y. W., Erlandsson, U. G. (2012). Exchange rates and Markov switching dynamics. Journal of Business Economic Statistics. Darvas, Z. (2012). Real effective exchange rates for 178 countries: a new database. Frenkel, J. A., Johnson, H. G. (2013). The Economics of Exchange Rates (Collected Works of Harry Johnson): Selected Studies (Vol. 8). Routledge. Grammatikos, T., Vermeulen, R. (2012). Transmission of the financial and sovereign debt crises to the EMU: Stock prices, CDS spreads and exchange rates. Journal of International Money and Finance, 31(3), 517-533. Hameed, A., Rose, A. K. (2016). Exchange Rate Behavior with Negative Interest Rates: Some Early Negative Observations. Heyerdahl-Larsen, C. (2014). Asset prices and real exchange rates with deep habits. Review of Financial Studies, 27(11), 3280-3317. MacDonald, R., Stein, J. L. (Eds.). (2012). Equilibrium exchange rates (Vol. 69). Springer Science Business Media. Rossi, B. (2013). " Are exchange rates predictable?. Voeux. Retrieved from https://www. voxeu. org/article/are-exchange-rates-predictable.

Present Continuous free essay sample

Anticipated Problems: sts may not want to go to the front to show their emails. Sts may not remember how to produce sentences in the Present Continuous. Possible Solutions: Tch lets sts read their emails from their desks. Tch makes a quick revision of the Present Continuous. Materials Equipment: Pictures, handouts, whiteboard, markers. Stage/ Timing| Procedure| Interaction Pattern| Stage Objective| Introduction5 minutes| -Tch asks sts what they have learnt the previous lesson. Tch writes clues on the WB and shows sts picture. Then she asks sts to guess which will be the theme of the lesson. | Teacher– StudentsStudent- Teacher| To elicit information from sts. To make sts guess the topic of the lesson. | Pre- reading7 minutes| -Tch sticks on the WB parts of an email and asks sts to guess the correct order. -Tch checks activity orally. | Teacher- student Student- teacher| To show and make sts guess the correct layout of an email. We will write a custom essay sample on Present Continuous or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page | Reading(pre writing)13 minutes| -Tch hands in copies f the email and asks sts to copy and answer questions about it. (E. g: Who is the writer of the email? What is the email about? Who is the email to? , etc)-Tch checks activity on the WB. | Teacher- studentStudent- student| To this type of writing. | Writing15 minutes| Tch asks sts to make groups of three or four sts, she hands in different scenes of â€Å"The Simpsons† and asks sts to write a similar email. -Tch asks the different groups to read their emails aloud. Teacher- studentStudent- student| To practice sts’writing skill. | Closure5 minutes| -Tch asks sts what they have learnt and if they have enjoyed the lesson. -Tch hands in a self- evaluation. | Teacher- studentsStudent- teacher| To encourage sts to give their opinions orally. | Extra activity10 minutes| -Tch asks sts to exchange their emails and try to write an email answering it. | Student- teacherTeacher- student| To provide the sts with further pract ice. |

F-4 Phantom II in the Vietnam War

F-4 Phantom II in the Vietnam War In 1952, McDonnell Aircraft began internal studies to determine which service branch was most in need of a new aircraft. Led by Preliminary Design Manager Dave Lewis, the team found that the US Navy would soon require a new attack aircraft to replace the F3H Demon. The designer of the Demon, McDonnell began revising the aircraft in 1953, with the goal of improving performance and capabilities. Creating the Superdemon, which could achieve Mach 1.97 and was powered by twin General Electric J79 engines, McDonnell also created an aircraft that was modular in that different cockpits and nose cones could be affixed to the fuselage depending on desired mission. The US Navy was intrigued by this concept and requested a full-scale mock-up of the design. Assessing the design, it ultimately passed as it was satisfied with the supersonic fighters already in development such as the Grumman F-11 Tiger and Vought F-8 Crusader.  Ã‚   Design Development Altering the design to make the new aircraft an all-weather fighter-bomber featuring 11 external hardpoints, McDonnell received a letter of intent for two prototypes, designated YAH-1, on October 18, 1954. Meeting with the US Navy the following May, McDonnell was handed a new set of requirements calling for an all-weather fleet interceptor as the service had aircraft to fulfill the fighter and strike roles. Setting to work, McDonnell developed the XF4H-1 design. Powered by two J79-GE-8 engines, the new aircraft saw the addition of a second crewman to serve as a radar operator. In laying out the XF4H-1, McDonnell placed the engines low in the fuselage similar to its earlier F-101 Voodoo and employed variable geometry ramps in the intakes to regulate airflow at supersonic speeds. Following extensive wind tunnel testing, the outer sections of the wings were given  12 ° dihedral (upward angle) and the tailplane  23 ° anhedral (downward angle). Additionally, a dogtooth indentation was inserted in the wings to enhance control at higher angles of attack. The results of these alterations gave the XF4H-1 a distinctive look. Utilizing titanium in the airframe, the XF4H-1s all-weather capability was derived from the inclusion of the AN/APQ-50 radar. As the new aircraft was intended as an interceptor rather than a fighter, early models possessed nine external hardpoints for missiles and bombs, but no gun. Dubbed the Phantom II, the US Navy ordered two XF4H-1 test aircraft and five YF4H-1 pre-production fighters in July 1955. Taking Flight On May 27, 1958, the type made its maiden flight with Robert C. Little at the controls. Later that year, the XF4H-1 entered into competition with the single-seat Vought XF8U-3. An evolution of the F-8 Crusader, the Vought entry was defeated by the XF4H-1 as the US Navy preferred the latters performance and that the workload was split between two crew members. After additional testing, the F-4 entered production and commenced  carrier suitability trials in early 1960. Early in production, the aircrafts radar was upgraded to the more powerful  Westinghouse AN/APQ-72. Specifications (F-4E Phantom II) General Length: 63 ft.Wingspan: 38 ft. 4.5 in.Height: 16 ft. 6 in.Wing Area: 530 sq. ft.Empty Weight: 30,328 lbs.Loaded Weight: 41,500 lbs.Crew: 2 Performance Power Plant: 2 Ãâ€" General Electric J79-GE-17A axial compressor turbojetsCombat Radius: 367 nautical milesMax. Speed: 1,472 mph (Mach 2.23)Ceiling: 60,000 ft. Armament 1 x M61 Vulcan 20 mm Gatling cannonUp to 18,650 lbs. of weapons on nine external hardpoints, including air-to-air missiles, air-to-ground missiles, and most types of bombs Operational History Setting several aviation records just prior to and in the years after introduction, the F-4 became operational on December 30, 1960, with VF-121. As the US Navy transitioned to the aircraft in the early 1960s, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara pushed to create a single fighter for all branches of the military. Following an F-4Bs victory over the F-106 Delta Dart in Operation Highspeed, the US Air Force requested two of the aircraft, dubbing them the F-110A Spectre. Evaluating the aircraft, the USAF developed requirements for their own version with an emphasis on the fighter-bomber role. Vietnam Adopted by the USAF in 1963, their initial variant was dubbed the F-4C. With the US entry in the Vietnam War, the F-4 became one of the most identifiable aircraft of the conflict. US Navy F-4s flew their first combat sortie as part of Operation Pierce Arrow on August 5, 1964. The F-4s first air-to-air victory occurred the following April when Lieutenant (j.g.) Terence M. Murphy and his radar intercept officer, Ensign Ronald Fegan, downed a Chinese MiG-17. Flying primarily in the fighter/interceptor role, US Navy F-4s downed 40 enemy aircraft to a loss of five of their own. An additional 66 were lost to missiles and ground fire. Also flown by the US Marine Corps, the F-4 saw service from both carriers and land bases during the conflict. Flying ground support missions, USMC F-4s claimed three kills while losing 75 aircraft, mostly to ground fire. Though the latest adopter of the F-4, the USAF became its largest user. During Vietnam, USAF F-4s fulfilled both air superiority and ground support roles. As F-105 Thunderchief losses grew, the F-4 carried more and more of the ground support burden and by the end of the war was the USAFs primary all-around aircraft. To support this change in mission, specially equipped and trained F-4 Wild Weasel squadrons were formed with the first deploying in late 1972. In addition, a photo reconnaissance variant, the RF-4C, was used by four squadrons. During the Vietnam War, the USAF lost a total of 528 F-4s (of all types) to enemy action with the majority being down by anti-aircraft fire or surface-to-air missiles. In exchange, USAF F-4s downed 107.5 enemy aircraft. The five aviators (2 US Navy, 3 USAF) credited with ace status during the Vietnam War all flew the F-4. Changing Missions Following Vietnam, the F-4 remained the principal aircraft for both the US Navy and USAF. Through the 1970s, the US Navy began replacing the F-4 with the new F-14 Tomcat. By 1986, all F-4s had been retired from frontline units. The aircraft remained in service with the USMC until 1992, when the last airframe was replaced by the F/A-18 Hornet. Through the 1970s and 1980s, the USAF transitioned to the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon. During this time, the F-4 was retained in its Wild Weasel and reconnaissance role. These two latter types, the F-4G Wild Weasel V and RF-4C, deployed to the Middle East in 1990, as part of Operation Desert Shield/Storm. During operations, the F-4G played a key role in suppressing Iraqi air defenses, while the RF-4C collected valuable intelligence. One of each type was lost during the conflict, one to damage from ground fire and the other to an accident. The final USAF F-4 was retired in 1996, however several are still in use as target drones. Issues As the F-4 was initially intended as an interceptor, it was not equipped with a gun as planners believed that air-to-air combat at supersonic speeds would be fought exclusively with missiles. The fighting over Vietnam soon showed that engagements quickly became subsonic, turning battles which often precluded the use of air-to-air missiles. In 1967, USAF pilots began mounting external gunpods on their aircraft, however the lack of a leading gunsight in the cockpit made them highly inaccurate. This issue was addressed with the addition of an integrated 20 mm M61 Vulcan gun to the F-4E model in the late 1960s. Another problem that frequently arose with the aircraft was the production of black smoke when the engines were run at military power. This smoke trail made the aircraft easy to spot. Many pilots found ways to avoid producing the smoke by running one engine on afterburner and the other at reduced power. This provided an equivalent amount of thrust, without the telltale smoke trail. This issue was addressed with the Block 53 group of the F-4E which included smokeless J79-GE-17C (or -17E) engines. Other Users The second-most produced Western jet fighter in history with 5,195 units, the F-4 was extensively exported. Nations that have flown the aircraft include Israel, Great Britain, Australia, and Spain. While many have since retired the F-4, the aircraft has been modernized and is still use (as of 2008) by Japan, Germany, Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Iran, and South Korea.

REFLECTIVE ESSAY

REFLECTIVE ESSAY A Reflective Essay is a type of academic writing that involves description of real life scene or imaginary scene. Reflective essay can also describe real and imaginative event, interactive dialogue, a flow of thought, idea, observation, past memory. A reflective writing can also have a poetic form. It can also describe specific feeling and emotion, real-life situation or incident with a certain accent to the personal perception how everything was or happened. If you are seeking professional reflective essay writing, we are able to help you. The major point to have in mind is that while writing your reflective essay instead of keeping your essay in strictly descriptive tone, you can add more of a personal point of perception. This means that you are reflecting on the certain experience both real and imaginary. Reveal additional learning aspects of the described situation. Conclude with newly obtained knowledge and wisdom that appeared to become of your personality after experiencing the described event. REFLECTIVE ESSAY Reflective essay is considered to be one of the easiest types of essays to write. This fact is connected with necessity to reflect on your personal feelings. The emphasis is on your own life experiences that can be discussed through various topics. You have ability to share your own findings and personal life results. Another important significance of reflective essay is your opportunity to explore your own insights regarding various topics. Reflective essay is often used a self-assessment possibility. From one reflective essay to another you can explore the difference and change that you have made as a person. It is your time to reflect on your personal beliefs and observations. You are also awaited to cite materials like journals, books, articles, etc. that had certain influence and serve as evidence of your changes in beliefs. The structure of reflective essay is built around particular ideas or topic reflections. The introduction must have all valid ideas that are supported with valid opinions or evidence through the essay body. The conclusion underlines or highlights topic basics and repeats main insights in short manner. The written style is followed by set instructions and can be APA, MLA, AMA, Chicago, Turabian, Vancouver, etc. Same follows with reflective essay layout, spacing, citations and overall style.

Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego Research Paper

Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego - Research Paper Example The paper "Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego" discovers San Diego's Museum of Contemporary, MCASD. The mixed media rendition of Alexis Smith entitled Men Seldom Make Passes at Girls Who Wear Glasses 1985 was interesting as it depicted Marilyn Monroe wearing collaged glasses of various images.The paintings were done in oil, acrylic, or mixed acrylic and oil. Some paintings were very simple, like one that was rendered by Kelly Ellsworth entitled Red Blue Green which was basically a painting of these colors in simple geometric patterns. As compared with Sandow Birk’s Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld Presenting His Plan for the Invasion of Iraq painting in acrylic and oil done in 2007 which was more intricate with life like depiction of real people looking at a large banner with imprinted mission accomplished on it. Another awe inspiring art piece was the bronze sculpture of Nathan Mabry, Process Art (Dead Men Don't Make Sculpture) created in 2008 and appears outside the mu seum. It is a depiction of the famous artwork, The Thinker, made more contemporary in style and image. The sculpture of the face was kind of eerie but is effective in soliciting interest from viewers. The light emitting diode installation by Erwin Redl was very contemporary in visual design and using both two and three dimensional perspectives in style. In green background color, the artwork stands out and initiates curiosity from the viewing public. Glenn Kaino’s Untitled (Reverse Inverse Ninja Law) created in 2006.

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 6

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example In order to create a new business opportunity, entrepreneurs must be able to combine and align the small firm’s available resources, business opportunity that comes along the way, and the people who are working for the business organization towards a specific organizational goal (Wickham, 2004, Ch. 18 – Seeing the Window: Scanning for Opportunity). In other words, each entrepreneur must have their own way of developing a business strategy so as to increase the competitiveness of a small firm. As part of designing a business strategy, the future entrepreneurs are being challenged in terms of effectively distinguish whether or not a small firm’s network is more important than finance and vice versa. For the purpose of this study, the definition of network and finance will first be provided followed by discussing the significance of each factor over the success of a small firm. general, networking is actually referring to the process of developing and using a wide-range of business contacts and establishing a mutually beneficial business relationship with other businessmen as a way to enhance the operation and profitability of a small business organization (Ward, 2009). By improving the business network of a small firm, entrepreneurs can easily increase the profitability and competitiveness of the business organization. Kelley Robertson is the president of Robertson Training Group which aids businesses on how to increaset the company’s sales and profitsbility via busienss networking. According to Robertson (2009), â€Å"sales are frequently developed through the relationships we have created with other people†. For instance: A business networking related to marketing could open up new sales opportunities between two business people who has a common interest in doing business. By gathering a wide-range of business network, a small firm will be able to deliver its product and services using tie-ups with other related

Plot Summary Catch Me If You Can Essay Example for Free

Plot Summary Catch Me If You Can Essay In 1963, teen-aged Frank Abagnale (Leonardo DiCaprio) lives New Rochelle, New York with his father Frank Abagnale, Sr. (Christopher Walken), and French mother Paula (Nathalie Baye). When Frank Sr. is denied a business loan at Chase Manhattan Bank due to unspecified difficulties with the IRS, the family is forced to move from their large home to a small apartment. Paula carries on an affair with Jack (James Brolin), a friend of her husband. Meanwhile, Frank poses as a substitute teacher in his French class. Franks parents file for divorce, and Frank runs away. When he runs out of money, he begins to rely on confidence scams to get by. Soon, Franks cons grow bolder and he even impersonates an airline pilot. He forges Pan Am payroll checks and succeeds in stealing over $2. 8 million. Meanwhile, Carl Hanratty (Tom Hanks), an FBI bank fraud agent, begins to track down Frank. Carl and Frank meet in a hotel, where Frank convinces Carl his name is Barry Allen of the Secret Service. Frank leaves, Carl angrily realizing his mistake just as it is too late. Later, at Christmas, Carl is still working when Frank calls him, attempting to apologize for duping Carl. Carl rejects his apology and tells him he will soon be caught, but laughs when he realizes Frank actually called him because he has no one else to talk to. Frank hangs up, and Carl continues to investigate, suddenly realizing (thanks to a waiter) that the name Barry Allen is from the Flash comic books and that Frank is just a teenager. Frank, meanwhile, has not only changed to becoming a doctor and a lawyer, but has fallen in love with Brenda (Amy Adams), to whom he eventually admits the truth about himself and asks her to run away with him. Carl tracks him to his engagement party where Frank has left Brenda, asking her to meet him two days later so they can elope. Frank sees her waiting for him two days later, but also sees agents in disguise. He realizes he has been set up and escapes on a flight to Europe. Seven months later, Carl shows his boss that Frank has been forging checks all over western Europe and asks permission to go to Europe to look for him. When his boss says no, Carl brings Franks checks to printing professionals who deem that the checks were printed in France. Carl remembers from an interview with Franks mother that she was born in Montrichard, France. He goes there and finds Frank, and tells him that the French police will kill him if he does not go with Carl quietly. Frank assumes he is lying at first, but Carl promises Frank he would never lie to him, and Carl takes him outside, where the French police escort him to prison. The scene then flashes forward to a plane returning Frank home from prison, where Carl informs him that his father has died. Consumed with grief, Frank escapes from the plane and goes back to his old house, where he finds his mother with the man she left his father for, as well as a girl who Frank realizes is his half-sister. Frank gives himself up and is sentenced to 12 years in prison, getting visits from time to time from Carl. When Frank points out how one of the checks Carl is carrying as evidence is fake, Carl convinces the FBI to offer Frank a deal by which he can live out the remainder of his sentence working for the bank fraud department of the FBI, which Frank accepts. While working at the FBI, Frank misses the thrill of the chase and even attempts to fly as an airline pilot again. He is cornered by Carl, who insists that Frank will return to the FBI job since no one is chasing him. On the following Monday, Carl is nervous that Frank has not yet appeared at work. However, Frank does show up and they discuss their next case. The ending credits reveal that Frank has been happily married for 26 years, has three sons, lives in the Midwest, is still good friends with Carl, has caught some of the worlds most elusive money forgers, and earns millions of dollars each year because of his work creating unforgeable checks.

Essay --

Income inequality is when income is unevenly distributed in a country. This inequality has reached staggering heights across the world. Even in what we consider developed countries this disparity is only increasing. The causes for income equality can range anywhere from immigration to the policies and politics of a country. However, some critics of income inequality will argue that it will always be present and is necessary to stimulate growth. Nonetheless, the problem is not only that the gap between the poor and the rich is widening but that income inequality is causing devastating market and government failures. We look in particular to the case of the United States. The US is the world’s leading power and hegemon, who also has the world’s highest GDP and GDP per capita. However, in recent years the gap between the rich and the poor has been growing at a fast pace. This prevalence of income inequality in a free market society like the US indicates that inequality is a direct result of a market or government failure. In a free market it is believed that individuals possess an equal opportunity to be successfully, but because of misallocation of resources in a market economy this is not possible. The resources I am referring to here are those that are needed for a person to escape poverty and earn a higher income. This includes merit and public goods that individuals with higher incomes can afford and indulge themselves in while people with lower incomes or suffering from poverty depend on some endowment from the state, such as healthcare, education, and access to employment opportunities and professional networks. It is important to a society that we take care of these market failures to not only help decrease income inequality... ...vity. Furthermore, the bill has the potentially to further increase the income inequality gap. For example, students who can’t afford the cost of higher education but whose parents make too much money to qualify for federal aid will still be forced to take out private loans to fund their education. â€Å"These loans can total anywhere from $50,000 to $60,000 by the time a student graduates, despite attending a public university† (The Student Loan, 2012). This in turn, will cause students to make choices based on the cost of higher education rather than their own which means less skilled works and individuals funding U.S markets and more income inequality. Finally, even though the bill did lower the cost of higher education it does nothing to get rid of the cost fully and unfortunately not really feasible since it was shot down by the Committee of Education and Workforce.

Byd Company Case Analysis Essay

1. BYD Company, Ltd. (â€Å"BYD†) is the world’s second largest manufacturer of rechargeable batteries. Exhibit 1 shows that between 1999 and 2001, BYD’s annual sales grew three times – exceeding RMB 1.3 billion in 2001. Based on the first four months of 2002, BYD’s annual sales are expected exceed RMB 1.6 billion in 2002. Founded in 1995 by Wang Chuan-Fu, chairman and president, BYD has built its reputation by becoming the largest Chinese supplier of lithium-ion batteries to cell phone manufacturers. Exhibit 3 shows that by 2002, BYD was among the top four manufactures worldwide – and was the largest Chinese manufacturer – in each of the three main battery technologies (with about 9% market share in Li-ion technology, 31% market share in NiCd technology, and 8% market share in NiMH technology). Despite the presence of large Japanese competitors – including Sanyo, Sony, and Matsushita – in the global market and a large number of local Chinese firms, BYD’s aim to improve the quality of products while keeping the price low started winning it business from foreign companies. By doing so, BYD has positioned itself as a cost leader in the batter industry and has moved towards cost advantage in manufacturing of its products. BYD emphasized on the technology and product development by investing about 2% of the company’s revenue in product and process R&D. Since the development of its first lithium-ion battery in 1997, BYD has made several improvements that increased the cycle life of its products. BYD moved from having no patents as of 1999 to holding scores of patents as of the beginning of 2002. The manufacturing process – in terms of sequence of steps – at BYD was similar to that at the competing Japanese firms. However, Japanese firms had most of the processes automated and had more dry-room space. This kind of set up needed greater investment in capital equipment and accounted for an annual capital expenditure five to ten times more than that at BYD. The biggest threat to BYD’s competitive advantage is the tough competition faced from the emergence of nearly 200 Chinese firms in the rechargeable battery market. Like BYD did, these Chinese firms too relied on labor-intense production process. The lack of proper regulations in China allows the competitors to duplicate BYD processes easily. On the other hand, BYD faced a shortage of labor in Shenzhen because of the presence of large number of manufacturers located in that region. At BYD, 95% of the work force on the battery production is young women who have come from smaller villages across China. They would work here for a couple of years before returning to their home villages. As a result of this migration pattern, BYD faced a turnover of 10% to 20% in its manufacturing workforce. 2. The core competencies of BYD are: Battery Technology (by changing the product materials to make them less sensitive to humidity), R&D department, Human Resource Management (providing housing, food, and health insurance to workers, discipline traning, job rotation to reduce monotony, social activities and promotions), cheap labor and Manufacturing process (labor plus jigs equals automation). Of the above mentioned core competencies, battery technology, R&D department, Human Resource Management, and cheap labor are transferrable to the automotive business. However, the manufacturing process – which is not automated – is not transferrable to the automotive business. From the resources perspective BYD should enter the auto industry because acquiring Qinchuan Auto Company offers BYD rare resources such as production permits and land for its new Auto factory, which are significant barriers for entry for new competitors, at a reasonable price. These resources coupled with t he BYD’s transferable resources could result in a successful enterprise. 3. The Chinese auto industry is overall attractive. There is huge growth expected in the Chinese demand for automobiles – from 1 million sedans in 2002 to potentially 6 million by 2010. Given this expected growth in demand for automobiles, several Chinese auto manufacturers had partnered with foreign manufacturers, such as General Motors, Toyota, and Volkswagen to sell their vehicles. As shown in Exhibit 13, the production capacity of major firms in china slightly exceeded 2 million units in 2002, this figure is expected to reach 3.5 million units by 2012 – as shown in Exhibit 14. Yes! The Chinese auto industry is attractive to BYD. Given the expected growth and demand in the auto industry, combined with Chinese government having stopped issuing production permits for new automotive companies, there are very few remaining opportunities to get in to this booming auto industry. Moreover, BYD is getting a good bargain as the assets of the state-owned Qinchuan Auto are being sold at a cheaper price. The state owned auto manufacturers without foreign partners accounted for 25% of auto sales in China. Many of the SOE manufacturers did not even have R&D departments. Because most of the automobile parts were imported, similar models of cars cost more in China than in USA. The existing foreign joint ventures were selling the vehicles at prices that gave them margins of 10% to 20%. Considering the current situation, there is room for low-priced entrants. Wang always dreamt of applying Li-ion battery technology to develop an electric vehicle. Using newer battery technology and assembling it cheaply, the vehicle could be competitively priced and represent a way for China to leap forward in an industry and technology in which it had previously lagged other nations. Wang was also excited about applying BYD’s deep capabilities in process engineering – used so successfully to design new methods of battery production that gave BYD a significant cost advantage over global competitors – to automotive manufacturing. 4. In addition to offering OEMs a â€Å"one-stop† solution for the outsourced manufacturing of their products, BYD should also acquire Qinchuan Auto Company. Because of the huge potential for the automotive industry in China and very few available opportunities, this is the right moment for BYD to enter the automotive industry. As Qinchuan Auto Company already has a name in the market, with its flagship product Flyer, BYD should continue selling Flyer along with other upgraded new models of car. BYD should also invest in automating the manufacturing process and R&D department. It should ensure that most of the auto parts are internally or locally manufactured in order to keep the costs at minimum and margins high. The company should invest heavily in infrastructure needed to cater to the foreseen demand in the Chinese automotive industry. It should invest heavily in acquiring quality manpower by offering them good salaries, perks etc†¦. If capital is a challenge, then BYD could partner with foreign manufacturer and provide them a platform to sell their products in the Chinese automotive industry. This will give BYD enough time to closely analyze the Chinese automotive industry and take necessary steps.

The Ancient Romans Ict Resource Education Essay

As a group we researched and discussed how to make an Interactive White Board ( IWB ) resource. As we work in different stages it was nem con agreed to aim Old ages 5/6 as we could be far more proficient and stretch the more capable kids whilst still maintaining it simple for the non so competent. We chose the subject The Ancient Romans as it followed the course of study and we thought it would appeal to the bulk. Visually the colorss were chosen for their clear contrast, the ruddy button to promote the kid to force, the blue for its cosmopolitan entreaty and the fount and size to do it simple to read. Duration of the resource is wholly down to the users ability, the initial bringing takes merely proceedingss to explicate, one time the kids reach the options they choose and the nexus takes them straight to the www.bbc.education.history.co.uk which gives them multitudes of farther options and picks. Synergistic engagement is easy obtained as was apparent in our feedback from students, we delivered it to our students and their involvement was promoting, they responded to the Dr. Who music, they were eager to take portion in the initial group undertaking that involved them pressing the large ruddy button. They every bit enjoyed the ulterior undertaking of partner offing up and researching themselves. Auditory wise the Dr.Who Music proved popular, adding to the Time Machine subject that IWB resource pertained to. The www.bbc.bytesize.co.uk had video links on the different classs. Vocabulary was kept at a degree that the mark group could entree entirely and with support where needed. It introduced the kids to new words within topics they had non yet researched. It challenged some of them but encouraged inquiries and struck up some interesting accounts. Authenticity and credibleness were indispensable, it may be a history subject but the web site still needs to be up to day of the month and reliable, which theDecisionThe resource we chose proved to be animating, educational, uniting larning with merriment and creativeness. The Learning journey of a kid in today ‘s school has be entwined with ITC package, pupils assurance to seek new things increases as they learn new accomplishments, one time they are confident in the country of engineering merely so can you get down disputing them. This resource encouraged us as a group to do better usage of engineerings across all countries of acquisition. The range to develop through ICT is unsurmountable, ICT is embedded in mundane pattern and portion of kids ‘s mundane lives and to hold a acquisition environment without it would be uncomplete and out of touch with the kids ain world. In drumhead if this subject and been delivered vocally and kids told to research in the library it w ould hold been far less productive and gratifying. Task two The development of ICT and the Role of the Learning Support Worker The Development of ICT and the Role of the Learning Support Worker The Role of the Learning Support Worker ( LSW ) has evolved from the ‘classroom helper ‘ who was normally seen as the assistant, there chiefly to undertake the humble occupations so the instructor could learn. The National Curriculum ( NC ) now advocates the usage of ICT to back up and heighten all topics within the NC. The LSW will integrate the usage of engineering in every country of the support they deliver. The ICT suite which is now an built-in portion of the school, as critical as the assembly hall or the resort area, has developed into a hub of action used daily by all capable instructors. The LSW will be trained to present the bulk of differentiated Sessionss within this suite. A timetable system is indispensable as categories clamber for a slot. The LSW will pass an increasing sum of their clip oversing students who are reassigning duologue from paper, graphs from books, information notes on to publish so as to show their work to a wider audience, ICT is subtly present throughout the course of study, alongside the usual ICT session delivered by the ICT instructor. Teachers ICT cognition is now extremely developed, no longer the sphere of the engineering section, instructors and LSWs likewise are now trained suitably and updated in line with new ordinances and policies. Some LSWs will hold embarked on their callings without any or relevant preparation, historically it was non a demand to hold academic makings, competent reading, composing and numerical accomplishments and a passion to back up kids were sufficient. As clip Marches on and outlooks and developing move onwards and upwards each school can utilize their ain bench grade when using new LSWs and places are much sought after, campaigners are now qualified, extremely trained and specialised. The tremendous figure of classs on offer pertaining to the public assistance of a kid in the educational system is of all time increasing, these makings are immediately movable and a fillip for persons seeking the place of a LSW. Persons already employed in this field must add to their ain crediblenes s and add ICT, Data Protection, Health and Safety etc to their portfolios. Technology invades everyones lifes at place and work, kids fortuitously have entree to computing machines every bit good as instructors and parents, the LSW should see their place as the gum that meshes the whole saber saw. Many parents are non cognizant of the handiness of the school and their kids own larning journey but the LSW has the chance to explicate merely to parents that by logging on, choosing their kids own twelvemonth group they can supervise and detect advancement. It is problematic whether instructors are going redundant, the fact that new engineerings and ICT resources are widely available will non thin the demand for instructors and LSWs, yet it will take to the function being streamlined and redefined. The instructor is germinating into a builder and facilitator. Many new demands are expected of instructors today, these demands will increase and germinate with new statute law as the course of study and ICT merge. They include: Helping students measure up and formalize resources and cognition Critical open-mindedness Active in join forcesing and easing Interceding with scholars about their cognition Aid scholars scaffold their acquisition With new demands come new competences, the LSW is progressively expected to develop and construct on their ICT accomplishments. They are encouraged and funded to be more competent. These are a few of the new competences required to integrate ICT into instruction: Creativity affecting engineering Flexibility to exchange instruction tools in distinction Logistic accomplishments to utilize the ICT resources optimally Administrative/organisational accomplishments The close hereafter developments sing ICT and how it transfers to all topics is animating and as a LSW it is now accepted that we raise our cognition base in line with the kids we are trying to assist, it is a common experience that the kids are far more computing machine literate than most instructors and LSWs, when this is obvious we can merely think the instructor loses some credibleness and regard in this field. An mundane illustration of how the function as an LSW has changed sing ICT is in the context of a literacy lesson, historically we would hold been assigned a one to one or little group, asked to back up them in their apprehension in general reading and authorship. Increasingly todays literacy lessons are preponderantly delivered on a IWB, students of all abilities are asked to take part, we now encourage the less able kids to entree the IWB, instruct what to click/press/drag etc and guarantee inclusion, this is a signifier of technological distinction, easy measure by measure instructions. As the LSW cognition additions they are able to help in presentations and power point undertakings, they confidently explain and teach how to make multimedia paperss, incorporating ICT into most activities ( particularly for dyslexic or autistic spectrum persons ) . It is critical to exhibit a sound cognition of anything you are trying to explicate. Most LSW would hold struggled merely a few old ages ago with the most basic usage of package for word processing, spreadsheets, emails etc. Supporting Every Child ( 2009 ) ( pg.151 ) discusses the NC hereafter, it is apparent that learning methods have changed due to new engineerings, and whilst learning methods can be blended utilizing the ‘talk and chalk ‘ theoretical account of learning or the IWB method, it is normally accepted that now or in the close hereafter and beyond it will be acceptable to present a mixture of learning methods to allow students at appropriate times. Will we see ICT promoted to a nucleus topic, scientific discipline is now regarded every bit of import as maths and English, the course of study is presently and invariably been debated ( Best,1999 ) and the fact and world that ICT will be straight good for employment intents for students has to be taken into history. To foretell that ICT will go a nucleus topic is non a large gamble, it is about a given that the hereafter of acquisition will be per se linked and overlapped with engineering. Personalised Learning has been the sphere of the Particular Education Needs Co-ordinator ( SENCO ) up until late, they initiated and enforced resources, particularly the ICT resources that needed a modicum of computing machine literacy, it is now widely expected that these resources be shared with LSWs along with instructions and methodological analysis to present a individualized programme. Recording results and relaying advancement back to the SENCO is now an mundane happening and a great usage of clip and resources. Harmonizing to Becta ( 2008 ) , â€Å" We know that engineering has the possible to transform acquisition. We are committed to animating instruction suppliers to gain possible, and equip scholars for Britain ‘s future success. † E-learning is determining the function of the LSW in analogue with the larning experience of students, schools now use computing machines for place acquisition, appraisal and recording. Besides for personalizing the acquisition journey, taging and instant feedback and to present a lesson beyond the parametric quantities of the one schoolroom. The LSW has all of these resources at their disposal excessively, we are instructed to advance ICT commissariats, even when research Watson ( 2002 ) indicates that the feelings of instructors was that books are extremely effectual at raising criterions particularly in secondary schools. ICT was regarded as a less effectual proviso, nevertheless it was agreed that ICT played an of import function in bettering both maths and English accomplishments. Ofsted have been accused at being more impressed with a schools ICT suite than its library, schools spend on norm three times more on ICT than on books. Each LSW will hold their ain penchant, those competent in ICT will recommend reading online, it is our function to formalize the resource so that we guide the students in a sure manner. An LSW with small assurance in ICT will trust on books as a resource which can besides accommodate some students, non every kid has a computing machine at place or is computing machine literate. You besides get the kid that loves the aesthetic feel of a book, they will be encouraged to utilize resources that suit their ain acquisition manner. This kid will be guided to research both engineering based and library based resources. What will the function of a LSW expression like in the hereafter in relation to ICT? In order to develop we have to accept alteration, we merely accept alteration when we recognise the demand. Possibly we will be curriculum specializers, ICT being one of these fortes, or particular needs practicians or capable experts? All three are a possibility, all relevant and now that ideological barriers are being broken down slightly a certainty. The ethos of instruction is chances for all, ICT being no obstruction, e-learning is here to remain and a model we have to encompass. The LSW function will be re-graded, into sub-grades, general helpers, SEN helpers, admin helpers, capable based helpers, ICT helpers and every other possible helper relevant to educating kids in between. The hereafter will see a clip when specializer trained helpers take specific lessons. The lessons will fall into the model for learning but will be recognized officially and work in partnership with the to the full qualified instructor. Partnership and shared vision are cardinal words, senior helpers will form and deploy undertakings to take down ranked helpers. With increased ICT accomplishments learning helpers of the hereafter will research and discuss capable development. The Admin helper will utilize engineering to portion and roll up information, attending monitoring, accomplishments, email lessons, parental engagement and in clip be cardinal to puting up national and international acquisition between organisations. When advertisement for a LSW, it will be for a specific accomplishment and intent. Qualifications will be indispensable and the functions will accommodate a scope, those that want to by and large assist out with the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours attention of kids, escorting and oversing, those that are more calling focused and those that enter into support work with an unfastened head willing to larn on the occupation. In decision, the future function and re-structuring of the LSW depends on the successful deployment of this valuable work force, which up to now as been challenged by support, loath professionals and low respect from equals in general. Change is at hand and inevitable, ICT will measure up as a nucleus topic in clip, the manner forward is for the LSW to hold their ain professional position, a set of criterions to adhere to and to work in partnership with instructors to heighten a kids larning experience. We will all be portion of the same household that live in the freshly named Centre of Educational Excellence ( CEE ) . All CEE constitutions will hold dedicated ICT suits with specialised ICT helpers, category suites will hold stand alone laptops or ipads, lessons will be delivered in a multi media method. Delivered in differentiated degrees. Each kid will hold a French telephone with a pick of buttons, they will give anon. replies to multi pick inquiries, this instant feedback will let for all kids to take part even the loath 1s. The LSW of the hereafter as a responsibility to the kids and to them self to seek the makings that will guarantee their ain development and that of the kids in their acquisition environment. It is a really exciting clip to be involved in this altering age of the LSW. The long delinquent acknowledgment and proof from the professionals and the of all time present day-to-day grasp from the kids make for a deep sense of satisfaction for any individual shiping on this calling pick. Referencing Becta ( 2008 ) About Becta, Available online at http//about.becta.org.uk ( accessed 02 May 2011 ) Best, R. ( 1999 ) Pastoral and the millenary, in Collins, U. And McNiff, J. ( explosive detection systems ) Rethinking Pastoral Care, London: Routledge. Walton, A.Goddard, G. ( 2009 ) Supporting Every Child: The what of instruction: yesteryear, nowadays and future.Exeter: Learning Matters. Watson, R. ( 2002 ) Schoolbook Spending in the UK 2001/2002, London: Educational Publishers Council. Task three Online Discussion Portfolio Discussion Forum Contributions Hello, I am XXXX I have 3 kids, 17,13,12, before holding kids I worked abroad in ski resorts, was a druggist dispenser, histories and rewards clerk, saloon amah and chalet miss. I embarked on this class in support of my closest friend Judy, who is in remittal from chest malignant neoplastic disease, I needed that push to acquire out of the rut my separation had cornered me in, it made sense professionally and personally. I need to be in a place when my youngest hits 18 to stand on alone and be more employable, I have been a instruction helper for 8 old ages and I am ready to take this farther, in what capacity I am diffident but as my girl applies to universities next twelvemonth and the following four old ages unfold I hope that we will go to each others graduations together†¦ †¦ .that is my end and dream.— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —I spent a frustrating twenty-four hours in our well equipped 18 strong computing machine suite, the pressman did non work, the screens flashed on several intermittently, one kept crashing and some of the older kids that attend the computing machine nine leave the screen on outsize fount out of mischief cognizing it causes even more mayhem when the younger 1s log on. In the 8 old ages I have worked at the school I have yet to witness aA session without jobs, either with human mistake that the log in inside informations are wrong, ink cartridges on low, childs repeatedly hitting the print button, instructors acquiring hyper due to non look intoing earlier th at all is working as expected merely to be unsuitably frustrated in forepart of students and the whole lesson being aborted. On the plus side I have A had the experience of working with a few instructors who had antic IWB/ICT accomplishments and the lessons that they confidently delivered wholly interactively and engaged the whole category for the whole lesson, I was left feeling really unequal and antediluvian, yet pleased to hold witnessed the effectivity and different attack that the computing machine affords, it is the manner frontward forA both instructor and scholar. I see every twenty-four hours the reluctance of the older instructors who rely on conventional wipe board and pens to alter their manner of bringing, some take on preparation but seldom with enthusiasm, andA one time they have ticked theA boxes andA attended the preparation theyA rarelyA useA the IWB as a tool to learn. like mostA A computing machine nonreader people it ‘s wholly a needsA to knowA footing, but the childs will non be happyA withA merely the staid and uncoolA manner that most instructors over 45 are stuck in. it'sA a generalization made wholly on anA experimental A degree, but seeing is believing and believe me some of the dinosaurs in learning demand desperately rejuvenating, or they will fall in the squad of semi retired supply instructors who pop in and seek present the tested and tested manner merely to be met with apathy or break, normally the latter.— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —I haveA non used the bbc web site or seen it used much in the school puting but gratefully I was introduced to it by XXXX who created a power point presentation with merely this site as a nexus. It is www.bbc.ukA , I searched for KS2 scientific discipline, Reversible and Irreversible procedures, it took me to a power point presentation that involved the IWB, it asked the kids to snap and drag different substances and put them in a tumbler of H2O and a spatula stirs it and reveals the reply with audio to honor or promote the student to hold another spell, it so goes into a cartridge holder which compactly and obviously explains the different provinces and asks the kids to see solids, gases and liquids in their environment. It has a lesson program and worksheet already to publish, differentiated for different degrees, it has links to www.bbc.bitesize.ukA which can be used independently by the students to stretch their involvement and busy them whilst the lesser able 1s are finishing the undertaking and worksheet. I ‘m astonished at how clip salvaging this must be for instructors to non hold to make lesson programs or worksheets, the bringing and attack is straightforward, even giving prompts and inquiries that the instructor could utilize. The AimA is to explicate in an synergistic and ocular manner the sometimes deadening topic ( in the students mindset ) of scientific discipline. It is a resource that I will be utilizing and swearing, I showed it to my instructor who said yes its antic I forget how utile I found it and hold neglected it in favor of other sites she has been introduced to but she agreed it is every bit every bit good and would be giving me the subjects in front of clip for me to beginning out and demo her. The benefits are eternal for both student and instructor, prosecuting, ocular, audile, synergistic, differentiated, and even an online Homework follow up to make at place and station to their instructor! ! Did I reference clip salvaging†¦ †¦ giving the instructor more clip to make what she is passionate about†¦ .TEACH! If a resource covers all the Learning Objectives and does the occupation in a fraction of the readying clip I say use it. I have found it so utile for my boies of 12 and 13 in KS3 it follows the course of study and so when the semen and inquire how to construct a Roman garrison and fosse I can demo them in an instant whats expected and they learn the history utilizing words geared to their age and ability.— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — –Technology is used in every individual topic within the course of study, it discreetly supports by giving the students the chance to utilize equipment and computing machine package to heighten their acquisition. The students at my school are encouraged to pass on thoughts and information in a assortment of signifiers. The school is internet linked so that parents can open their kids twelvemonth group nexus and see precisely what is be taught each term. www.education.gov.uk has a course of study resource that opens up and links to all cardinal curricular countries. Within each topic there options to integrate ICT for illustration in the signifier of information recording or IWB activities. It shows clearly how state a PE lesson can be brought into the schoolroom by a IW B resource with ‘how much energy is used when making a physical activity? ‘ , which involves inputting informations gathered onto a grid or diagram, comparison and contrast consequences. I used PE as an illustration due to it non being the obvious pick where engineering can be integrated, besides cameras could be used to grounds the activities. www.nationalstrategies.standards.desf.gov.uk is used often, the instructor can snap on say R.E, History, geographics to resource a IWB to present that lesson on that topic in an piquant audile manner, it gives options and information, including Technology options, it saves clip and resources that are normally exhausted run offing information sheets to manus out. Language, Literacy and Mathematics are about ever delivered affecting engineering, either the instructor will speak whilst the capable affair is on the smart board, the kids are encouraged to utilize the IWB for working amounts out and it is great to see a instructor usage it efficaciously, understating a childs work and demoing how it could hold been done a different manner, so remembering that kids to demo the comparing, it ‘s a front-runner of our year 6 Mathematics instructor, the kids shortly gain assurance when it is delivered by a instructor with good IT skills. Technology is ingrained in the course of study, when a instructor can utilize it efficaciously it enhances the acquisition experience, we have a twosome of ‘old school ‘ instructors who prefer to still utilize press releases, books and the library, who clearly have a phobic disorder about utilizing the engineering at their disposal. I understand their issues as I ‘m on a steep acquisition curve myself with engineering, but they are professionals and does n't a physician or canvasser have to larn new processs and techniques, why should our kids non acquire the full impact that engineering can supply, I feel strongly that instructors should be assessed and updated as times change. We have a few instructors approaching retirement and they are antic in many ways but you can see the vacillation and reluctance to seek it any other manner. I would wish to believe that their methods are non restricting the kids possible but if a topic can be delivered in a visually, prosecuting, synergistic manner certainly they should see the benefits and at least seek even if it ‘s in a premature simple signifier. It ‘s a tough call and I respect their instruction in so many other ways, so I guess clip will generically work out this one but so what new engineering will we hold? ? I saw a yr 4 category making cross stitch yesterday and the instructor had the form on the IWB demoing the students which colour combinations worked good, I might non hold spotted that or taken much notice before this undertaking.— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — –LESSON Plan: Y5 Science – Irreversible and Reversible provinces LESSON LENGTH: 1hour LEARNING OBJECTIVE: A To recognize which provinces are Irreversible and Reversible LEARNING OUTCOME: A Pupils will look into and research several provinces Introduction: The Teacher will gloss over the old yearss treatment associating to this lesson and have a 10 min inquiries and replies session before explicating the undertaking in manus, explicating what the different resources will be used for and in which sequence Resource: A Salt, sand, petri dishes, H2O, boiler, iceATeaching Activities: Mix salt and sand to H2O, topographic point both petri dishes on a warm radiator and go forth overnight, examine and discourse the ice, H2O, predict what alterations may happen to their provinces one time defrosted or boiled. Record existent findings on a sheet. PLENARY: As a category discuss the experiment and anticipations and results, analyze and reflect upon why some kids foretelling falsely. What was it about the salt and sand that gave them different results.A AEVALUATION – The kids can now foretell with regular truth which stuffs and provinces can be reversed or non— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —I ‘m answering from an iPad, had to download word app, so whether this part really gets added as an fond regard or copied and pasted I have yet to happen out. The fac t I ‘m sat at our train at Burton constable in the Sun being able to lend on such a antic piece of nomadic engineering feels really futuristic so. This piece of kit will likely be available to pupils and instructors in clip to come for distance acquisition, my boy has been on his schools cyberspace linked place work nexus and completed a maths trial and submitted a Gallic interlingual rendition undertaking, he was rewarded with a games app, I would hold had to put off place early were it non for such a great devise.AI ‘m foretelling that schoolrooms will be more like talk theaters, delivered with an IWB with each student holding a French telephone with anon. part to demo how many of the category are lending and what they select as replies, Steve showed us this piece of gadgetry in the saloon after last hebdomads session and the benefits that this type devise would give to those diffident untalkative pupils is monolithic. It ‘s prosecuting everyone, maintaining ever yone on undertaking, foregrounding if pupils are fighting or apathetic, it gives the instructor instant feedback. In twenty old ages clip the function of worlds will hold been replaced in many facets of instruction by engineering, kids will utilize personal laptops or iPads alternatively of pen and paper, the course of study will hold been universally scrapped and a individualized acquisition journey for each kid, differentiated to suit, will be delivered on line, the function of instructor will be as an adviser, wise man and director of a squad of say 60 students, there will be no eternal hours taging, researching and planning.AThe kids will hold the chance do far more originative and energetic chases, as the whole state will hold evolved into academies with a large accent on athleticss, humanistic disciplines and music. Primary school SATs will be a distant memory as on-going appraisal will let a kid to concentrate on the countries of failings. Academies will hold to accept all ab ilities and halt the elitist few going super schools which have high entryway requirements.A We will hold adopted the European manner of school life, in many states they have 8 am – 4pm Monday Tuesday ThursdayA 8am – 1am Friday, Wednesday is recharge twenty-four hours, weekends free, but pupils must lend on line for a set figure of hours each hebdomad merely like ebridge.AThese are my anticipations, engineering will ne'er replace a good instructor, but it can congratulate one, we need less stressed out instructors, they are renowned for mental dislocations and depression and emphasis induced issues, so if they can pass less clip on the humdrum paperwork and more clip mentoring and encouraging pupils.AI ‘ll be 65 and retired ready to travel around Europe on a boat, A starting back to see the grandkids, I ‘ll take engineering with me so I can talk to them daily and ill watch my girl battle with kids eventually gaining how difficult I have worked as a individu al Dendranthema grandifloruom, I will hold met the adult male of my dreams by so, I ‘ll be mortgage free and content with life. I ‘ll besides be in the early phases of dotage or dementedness no uncertainty, with a weak vesica and a chancy hip, but you ca n't hold it all! ! Hi steve, Change is the lone invariable and the function of the instructor evolves in analogue with engineering. The Lap top I type on now has the engineering of an industrial based elephant sized computing machine of the 1980s, I think the biggest alteration for a instructor will be a elephantine geographical displacement and clip direction. Commuting and long hours spent paper shamble will be to a lower limit. A The word teaching method was something banded about by the stuffy faculty members, the late interviewed or the freshly qualified. I had heard it legion times from co-workers who use it when they want to be scholarly but merely on shiping on this class did I genuinely understand its significance and it literally translates to ‘the map or work of a instructor ‘ and it ‘s a word that crops up infinitely when researchingA the altering function of a instructor. Upon extended research I have come to understand and hopefully understand why alteration in the function of instruction is both ineluctable and exciting. I found an American web site whilst researching ( http: //faculty.ed.uiuc.edu/j-levin/2020-vision.html ) whilst it uses words to accommodate the American instruction system it makes for a insightful read. Briefly it about predicts smaller orbiter categories for students and that online acquisition will increase A for kids of all ages, whereas its been the sphere of the Higher Education upto now, but to do it affectional instructors have to b relearn and re-educate themselves as history proves that instructors have many resources and scholars have few.AIts worth taking the clip to look up approximately Becta ( once known as the British Educational Communications and Technology Agency ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.education.gov.uk/schools/adminandfinance/procurement/ict/a0073825/becta it explains all that is relevant to optimize engineering and ICT within the educational system.AAfter diging into to merely these two sites I can see why the function of the instructor will tilt to wards confederate and protagonist, alternatively of the instructor and the taught, whilst it indicates a more distant function I would wish to dispute this in that a instructor who has evolved in line with ITC, which will be the late qualified or the instructors who embrace alteration, will present Sessionss, be it in a little category session where face to confront suits those single pupils. Designation of those students who need that personal touch whilst larning online is indispensable, and the instructor can district in on those more personally, yet through networked computing machines the session will make more distant students, be it geographics or personal acquisition manners, it may intend the student who would n't normally trouble oneself to go to will take part in their ain manner. More collaborative undertakings will convey approximately enhanced productiveness a instructor will be assigned to a web of students from several schools, much like the online larning on ebridge. Its merely occurred to me that Steve is really exposing how a instructor will present a faculty in the hereafter, largely on-line, a face to confront on occasion, treatment forums and I think kids by the nature of the fact they are computing machine living deads will soak up this acquisition method with easiness. I personally struggle with ICT and my acquisition journey is a slow and repetitive one at best but I ‘m non naif plenty to believe I can gloss over this fact. My passion to hold a calling working with kids in instruction necessitates that I have to maintain improving and adding to my cognition. Its the lesser gratifying facet of this class for me personally but I ‘m truly proud at my accomplishments so far, A I will endeavor to acquire the rudimentss ingrained in my encephalon, so who knows I may really halt badgering and get down disputing myself engineering wise†¦ †¦ Im non keeping my breath though!A

How to Use Dashes

How to Use Dashes How to Use Dashes How to Use Dashes By Jacquelyn Landis Writers have three different dashes at their disposal: the hyphen, the en dash, and the em dash. Most of us are familiar with hyphens and their uses. They’re used to form compound modifiers (such as in â€Å"a well-attended event†). We also use them to break a word that falls at the end of a line. This usage is becoming less common, however, because word processing and layout software programs typically have automatic end-of-line hyphenation features. En and em dashes are less understood. The en dash is the width of a capital N (hence, its name). It’s used to indicate a range, as in the following examples: For your homework, please read pages 162–195. The meeting will be on Thursday, 4:00 p.m.–6:00 p.m. The artist’s blue period, 1948–1952, was his most productive. En dashes are also used to connect a prefix with an open compound: post–World War II ex–vice president The reason for using an en dash with such compounds is to send a subtle signal to the reader that the prefix belongs to the entire compound, not just the first word of it. Em dashes are the width of (you guessed it) a capital M. Most often, they’re used in pairs to emphasize an element or elements within a sentence: Cruciferous vegetables- broccoli, cabbage, and cauliflower, for instance- are said to lower the risk of cancer. Em dashes can also show an abrupt change in thought: I thought I had time- more than enough time- to catch the train. Or they can show interrupted dialogue: â€Å"I told you I can’t- † â€Å"You mean you won’t, not can’t,† she said. Many writers use a double hyphen in place of an em dash, and you might have noticed that your word processor sometimes will automatically turn them into an em dash. Most word processors have shortcuts for creating en and em dashes. It would be worth your while to search your help menu to find out what they are. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Yours faithfully or Yours sincerely?Taser or Tazer? Tazing or Tasering?40 Synonyms for Praise

Assess Client and Manage Patient for Respiratory-myassignmenthelp

Respiratory- The most urgent nursing assessment priority is to conduct respiratory assessment of patient to get information related to respiratory rate, auscultation of the lungs and oxygen saturation rate of patient after fall. This is important because high falls often cause soft tissue injury to lungs and may lead to subdural hematoma (Granhed et al. 2017). Hence, respiratory assessment may give idea about level of respiratory problem or soft tissue injury in patient after fall. GIT and metabolic- This assessment is important for patients because Jake has mainly complained about abdomen pain since admission to the ED. During this assessment, information about past medical history, current lifestyle and medication and nutritional uptake is necessary to determine the impact of any of these factors in contributing to stomach pain. It may indicate about intolerance to some food or side effects of medication since Jake is talking many medications. Onset, intensity and duration of pain will help to determine the correct medication for patient too (Macaluso   and McNamara 2012). CVS- As the patient sustained fall from high height, checking vital signs like blood pressure and heart rate is necessary to identify symptoms of anxiety and heart rate variability in patients after fall. It may also give idea about the cardiovascular causes of falls (Palvanen et al. 2014) CNS- CNS assessment is important for Jake because fall from high height might have resulted in brain injury in patient and it may help to predict level of consciousness in patient after fall. This assessment may help the nurse to take further action to minimize future fall incidents. Renal- Falls are associated with decrease in renal function in patient and renal assessment might indicate about fluid balances status and urinary pattern after fall (Gallagher, Rapuri and Smith 2007). Skin- Skin assessment is also a vital assessment for patients as he might have sustained several skin injury and color of skin, temperature and moisture can give idea about any skin infection. Psychological and discharge- Assessment in this area is needed to understand Jake’s emotion and view after fall. This will to gather motivation of patient for recovery and mental capacity to handle challenges in the treatment process. The essential nursing assessment for patient with left sided chest pain will be to collect HEART score of patients as it will give data related to history, ECG, age, risk factors and troponin (Six et al. 2013). The data can help to determine the ischemic nature of chest pain in Jake. The PQRST assessment tool can also help to determine the main factor and severity of pain patient. As Jake has history of hypertension, the BP assessment of patient will also be essential to determine the cardiovascular risk status of patient and cardiovascular cause of chest pain (Daskalopoulou et al. 2015). Left sided chest pain is an indication of heart disorder. Blood clot in the lung or pneumothorax can also lead to sharp pain and chances of this are high in Jake due to fall.   Te immediate nursing intervention for left sided chain pain will include immediate vital sign assessment of patient and making Jake sit in a semi-Fowler position to review pain. Oxygenation and relevant drugs will also be needed to reduce the intensity of pain (Abbas 2014). The rational for taking HEART score of patient is that this tool considers the risk stratification component responsible for chest pain and so it can help the clinician to make accurate diagnostic and therapeutic choices for patients like Jake (Six, Backus and Kelder 2008). The main advantage of considering semi-fowler’s position for patient with chest pain is that it facilitates airway management and relieving breathing difficulty in Jake due to chest pain (Godden and CPAN 2016). In addition, oxygen supplementation decreases the pain level if it is ischemic in nature (Raut and Maheshwari 2016). Two actual nursing complications due to left sided chest pain include shortness of breath in patient and risk of heart failure in patient. The two potential nursing complications evident due to left sided chest pain are development of precarditis and postinfarction angina in patient. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Complain of left sided chest pain in patient  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Monitor and document characteristics, intensity and heart rate or BP changes due to pain  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Review past medical history of myocardial infarction in patient This nursing intervention will give idea about level of anxiety and intensity of pain in patients (Than et al. 2014). Pain documentation is crucial for resolution of patient’s problem 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Risk of ineffective tissue perfusion due to fall injury and abdominal pain  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assessment of skin, peripheral pulse, edema and vital signs in patient  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assessment of GI function Due to fall from high height, injuries might contribute to pulmonary complications in patients and abdominal pain. Hence, vital sign and skin assessment is critical to assess GI dysfunction and other complication in Jake after falls (Morton et al. 2017). This intervention is beneficial to prevent risk of complication in patients 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Risk of excess fluid volume due to fall  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Maintain fluid intake in patients Auscultation is beneficial in identify and manage risk of heart failure. Maintaining fluid intake is necessary to enhance fluid retention. Jake also take two cans of beer everyday and restricting the use of beer is also necessary for recovery of patient (Platz et al. 2016) Risk of heart failure and circulatory problem in patient can be controlled 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Discomfort in patient due to chest and abdominal pain  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consider repositioning patients and proving analgesics Positioning will facilitate airway management in patient and analgesics will cause pain relief (Cortà ©s, DiCenso and McKelvie 2015) It is an effective intervention to minimize discomfort and intensity of pain in Jake 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anxiety or fearful attitude in Jake due to chest and abdominal pain and fall injuries  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Communicate with patient and identify perception and feelings of anger or grief in patient  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Orient patient to routine and expected activities Communication with patient is important to know about coping capability of patient and reduce symptoms of depression. Orienting to routine activities distract patients from emotional stress and lead to improvement in signs of depression (Jayasinghe et al. 2014) Patient’s expression about current and future worries will help to take adequate steps to mitigate symptoms of anxiety in patient 6.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Acute abdominal pain in patient Abdominal pain in patient might also be caused by diarrhea. Hence, it is necessary to assess bowel movement in patient Bowel movement will help to determine the appropriate food and medications needed for patient to reduce pain Bowel pattern assessment is critical to proactively assess symptoms of nausea, constipation and diarrhea in patient 7.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Risk of bone or muscle injuries due to fall  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conduct skeletal/muscular assessment of patient Clinical assessment would help to evaluate the severity of muscle or bone injury On the basis of   severity of injury, the nurse can consult the clinician regarding the use of conventional treatment option of medication or going for physiotherapy (Phelan et al. 2014) 8.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Prevent infection in patient  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Implement hand hygiene and infection control intervention for Jake Due to fall, Jake is dependent on major activities of daily living. This may increase the risk of infection in patient. Hence, maintaining adequate hand hygiene and infection prevention technique is essential to prevent infection (Anderson et al. 2014) Infection control will minimize development of other complications in Jake  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Regular PQRST assessment is necessary to analyze different factors contributing to pain Routine assessment of chest pain is critical to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction or heart attack in patient PQRST is a structured assessment method to identify the characteristics, intensity and cause of chest pain. Increased dependence in activities of daily living Provide assistance to Jake while walking, moving, dressing and going to washroom Support is ADLs is critical to complete daily life activities and reduce risk of fall in health care setting It is most effective step to support patient during difficulties in ADLs. Low physical activity and risk of obesity related complication in patient Provide guidance in physical therapy and moderate exercise intervention This I s essential to maintain minimum level of physical activity in patients Moderate exercise improved quality of life of critically ill patients Abbas, A.D., 2014. Evaluation Of Nurses ¢ Practices Concerning Chest Pain Management For Patients In The Emergency Unit.  Kufa Journal for Nursing Sciences, 4(1).‎ Anderson, D.J., Podgorny, K., Berrà ­os-Torres, S.I., Bratzler, D.W., Dellinger, E.P., Greene, L., Nyquist, A.C., Saiman, L., Yokoe, D.S., Maragakis, L.L. and Kaye, K.S., 2014. Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update.  Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology,  35(S2), pp.S66-S88. Cortà ©s, O.L., DiCenso, A. and McKelvie, R., 2015. Mobilization Patterns of Patients After an Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Pilot Study.  Clinical nursing research,  24(2), pp.139-155. Daskalopoulou, S.S., Rabi, D.M., Zarnke, K.B., Dasgupta, K., Nerenberg, K., Cloutier, L., Gelfer, M., Lamarre-Cliche, M., Milot, A., Bolli, P. and McKay, D.W., 2015. The 2015 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk, prevention, and treatment of hypertension.  Canadian Journal of Cardiology,  31(5), pp.549-568. Doherty?King, B., Yoon, J.Y., Pecanac, K., Brown, R. and Mahoney, J., 2014. Frequency and duration of nursing care related to older patient mobility.  Journal of Nursing Scholarship,  46(1), pp.20-27. Gallagher, J.C., Rapuri, P. and Smith, L., 2007. Falls are associated with decreased renal function and insufficient calcitriol production by the kidney.  The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology,  103(3), pp.610-613. Godden, B. and CPAN, C., 2016. Airway issues.  Perianesthesia Nursing Care, p.23. Granhed, H., Altgà ¤rde, E., Akyà ¼rek, L.M. and David, P., 2017. Injuries Sustained by Falls-A Review.  Trauma & Acute Care. Ho, P.M., Lambert-Kerzner, A., Carey, E.P., Fahdi, I.E., Bryson, C.L., Melnyk, S.D., Bosworth, H.B., Radcliff, T., Davis, R., Mun, H. and Weaver, J., 2014. Multifaceted intervention to improve medication adherence and secondary prevention measures after acute coronary syndrome hospital discharge: a randomized clinical trial.  JAMA internal medicine,  174(2), pp.186-193. Jayasinghe, N., Sparks, M.A., Kato, K., Wyka, K., Wilbur, K., Chiaramonte, G., Barie, P.S., Lachs, M.S., O'Dell, M., Evans, A. and Bruce, M.L., 2014. Posttraumatic stress symptoms in older adults hospitalized for fall injury.  General hospital psychiatry,  36(6), pp.669-673. Macaluso, C.R. and McNamara, R.M., 2012. Evaluation and management of acute abdominal pain in the emergency department.  International journal of general medicine,  5, p.789. Morris, P.B., Ference, B.A., Jahangir, E., Feldman, D.N., Ryan, J.J., Bahrami, H., El-Chami, M.F., Bhakta, S., Winchester, D.E., Al-Mallah, M.H. and Shields, M.S., 2015. Cardiovascular effects of exposure to cigarette smoke and electronic cigarettes.  Journal of the American College of Cardiology,  66(12), pp.1378-1391. Morton, P.G., Fontaine, D., Hudak, C.M. and Gallo, B.M., 2017.  Critical care nursing: a holistic approach. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Palvanen, M., Kannus, P., Piirtola, M., Niemi, S., Parkkari, J. and Jà ¤rvinen, M., 2014. Effectiveness of the Chaos Falls Clinic in preventing falls and injuries of home-dwelling older adults: a randomised controlled trial.  Injury,  45(1), pp.265-271. Phelan, E.A., Mahoney, J.E., Voit, J.C. and Stevens, J.A., 2015. Assessment and management of fall risk in primary care settings.  The Medical clinics of North America,  99(2), p.281. Platz, E., Lewis, E.F., Uno, H., Peck, J., Pivetta, E., Merz, A.A., Hempel, D., Wilson, C., Frasure, S.E., Jhund, P.S. and Cheng, S., 2016. Detection and prognostic value of pulmonary congestion by lung ultrasound in ambulatory heart failure patients.  European heart journal,  37(15), pp.1244-1251. Raut, M.S. and Maheshwari, A., 2016. Oxygen supplementation in acute myocardial infarction: To be or not to be?.  Annals of cardiac anaesthesia,  19(2), p.342. Six, A.J., Backus, B.E. and Kelder, J.C., 2008. Chest pain in the emergency room: value of the HEART score.  Netherlands Heart Journal,  16(6), pp.191-196. Six, A.J., Cullen, L., Backus, B.E., Greenslade, J., Parsonage, W., Aldous, S., Doevendans, P.A. and Than, M., 2013. The HEART score for the assessment of patients with chest pain in the emergency department: a multinational validation study.  Critical pathways in cardiology,  12(3), pp.121-126. Than, M., Aldous, S., Lord, S.J., Goodacre, S., Frampton, C.M., Troughton, R., George, P., Florkowski, C.M., Ardagh, M., Smyth, D. and Jardine, D.L., 2014. A 2-hour diagnostic protocol for possible cardiac chest pain in the emergency department: a randomized clinical trial.  JAMA internal medicine,  174(1), pp.51-58.