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Essay Writing Service At $7 If there is a specialised bibliography on your topic, you'll definitely want to consult that as properly, however these are often a bit dated. If you do not have already got a basic background on your subject, get the most recent good general supply on the topic and browse it for basic orientation. On the idea of that reading formulate as clearly centered question as you can. Circulate the finished draft ms to your co-authors and give them adequate time for feedback. Revise the working summary right into a final draft type, based mostly on the final construction and content material of the paper. Circulate the skeleton to co-authors and invite important suggestions. Emphasise that this is the appropriate time to repair issues with circulate, concepts/content material, thrust in direction of main message, and so on. Iterate the skeleton’s revisions till co-authors are happy . Often you’ll get no feedback except “that’s nice”. No drawback â€" this means that you simply’ve deliberate properly. No one will bother to download and skim your full paper if they aren't interested by the abstract. Use the sources cited and/or discussed in this reading to construct a full bibliography. For particular article searches “Uncover” (press returns for the “open entry”) or possibly “First Search” through “Connect to Other Resources” in MUSE can also be helpful. You should usually focus on along with your professor at that time whether your question is a feasible one. Writing can be thought of an optimization problem in which you simultaneously enhance the story, the outline, and all the element sentences. Do not wait till you have crammed all the analysis gaps. If you run into smaller research questions simply mark the textual content with a searchable symbol. Write a preliminary thesis statement, expressing what you consider your main argument might be. Sketch out a broad define that indicates the structure â€" main points and subpoints or your argument as it seems presently. It is also the bridge that connects the experimental part of a analysis effort with the paper-writing part. For instance, the primary paragraph might summarize the results, focusing on their which means. The second via fourth paragraphs may take care of potential weaknesses and with how the literature alleviates concerns or how future experiments can deal with these weaknesses. The fifth paragraph may then culminate in a description of how the paper strikes the sphere forward. Essays are commonly used as literary criticism, political manifestos, discovered arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the creator. It may assist to be working on more than one manuscript at a time, to keep away from time losing (not that any of you ought to be doing that!). But persist, even when you suppose “Ahhh, stuff this, I’ll simply observe my nose, it’ll come collectively! The structured technique works and the unstructured method leads to a lot more time wasting (and poorer-quality manuscripts) â€" we say this from exhausting-received expertise. Bleeding is painful for each the supervisor and student who has to clean up the mess â€" there needs to be a better way. It is crucial that in your new draft your paragraphs start with matter sentences that establish the argument you may be making in the particular paragraph . The particular person steps in your argument should be clearly mirrored within the topic sentences of your paragraphs . On the idea of this thesis assertion and outline, begin writing, even pieces, as soon as you've sufficient information to start. Mind map and ‘group plan’ with collaborators (face-to-face or by way of email or video-conference). As first author, make notes, collate dialogue. YOU are the one primarily responsible for deciding what goes into the paper and what doesn’t. Don’t fear about self-censoring throughout this ‘thoughts mapping’ step. In this context, it's important to not get too connected to at least one’s writing. In many cases, trashing complete paragraphs and rewriting is a faster method to produce good textual content than incremental editing. The central logic that underlies a scientific declare is paramount. Do not fall into the entice of reading and reading to keep away from getting began on the writing. After you have the bulk of data you might want, begin writing. You can fill within the smaller gaps of your analysis extra effectively later. Read the current articles or chapters that appear to focus on your matter finest. This will allow you to focus your research query quite a bit.

How To Write A Research Paper

How To Write A Research Paper So, it is important that you spotlight all the important work, and say how great it's. This is, of course, really true, since you are building on this work, and your work would likely not even be possible with out the work you might be citing. This post isn’t a information on the way to write an “A” research paper. Make certain you have sufficiently cited the literature to put your work in context. This is because completely different venues have different expectations, which you’d like to fulfill. I suggest google docs unless there are a large number of equations, during which case I recommend overleaf. In both case, you need individuals to have the ability to remark easily instantly on the draft, in real time, as to avoid the potential for collisions. Prior to sending it to anyone, make an area copy, to allow them to’t screw it up . Learn tips on how to write by reading tips on how to structure a paper and Writing Science . For conferences, it is typical to have about 1 page of citations (10-20). Recall, the authors of these papers are more likely to be the reviewers and readers for this paper. If you're using Google docs, I recommend using the Paperpile “Add-On”. Choose the precise journal/conference you'll be submitting to. Until this level, it is irrelevant, because you’ve only been specializing in the logical structure of your story. However, before you start writing, you want to ensure you are writing for a specific audience, and write for them. First, collect any quotes or statistics that you could embrace in your paper. You can focus on writing descriptions and analyses of the separate quotes first and then tie them all collectively later. Never thought I would say it however good writing providers really exist. Will use the help of my writer once more, she is an inspiring professional. Maybe you don’t need to write an inspiring research paper. Perhaps you want to get it done and hope it gets a “ok” grade. If that’s you, skip some of these steps, and rush to put in writing your research paper. Editing your analysis paper is the place you set the final touches in your work. Your clear up any complicated sentences, fix your grammar, and make your writing sparkle. Conclusionâ€"rephrase the thesis statement & how you proved it, and the importance of your analysis paper. The next step is to record subtopics and ideas related to your paper subject. This submit highlights the key aspects of each section. If you'll be able to't discover the required topic, just specify your special request within the corresponding area. We'll examine if there may be an skilled who can cope with this task and let you know. As a rule, there are some cross-disciplines that require the information of the topic we have within the listing. In other words, every bit of information you find should open the potential for other research paths. Seize that opportunity and take advantage of your phrases, concepts, evaluation, and proof if you write a research paper! You’ll blow the mind of everybody who reads your work. It must be attention-grabbing and related to the topic. For examples of some outstanding introductory statements, you'll be able to consult a list of nice first traces. Editage Insights provides a wealth of free academic research and publishing sources and is a one-stop information for authors and others concerned in scholarly publishing. Our authentic sources for authors and journals will help you turn out to be an expert in educational publishing. Register for comprehensive research suggestions and professional advice on English writing, journal publishing, good publication practices, trends in publishing, and much more. The first line of your paper is particularly necessary.

Research Paper Help

Research Paper Help Follow the right essay format and citation fashion to avoid lessening your grade. In addition to the format, a major technical a part of your essay its citation type. The two commonest types are the APA and the MLA style, with the Chicago and Harvard types getting used less typically. The conclusion of your paper should summarize all the main arguments and tie them collectively. As talked about previously, everybody paragraph works to support the thesis assertion. Any instructional degree from high school to school or university. Your money will be released to us ONLY after you're satisfied with the ultimate paper. We'll immediately verify your analysis paper and if you're still not happy, we will give you 100% of your money back. By staying at WiseEssays.com, you agree to our Cookie Policy. You can change your setting at any time - read extra in our Cookie Policy part. Our main goal is to aid you in formulating your ideas in the most exciting way and prove it professionally. As a highly buyer-oriented company, we offer each client with 24/7 on-line support. It will allow you not only to examine the standing of the order but give you an opportunity to comment on including some extra particulars or mentioning particular information in your analysis paper. Materials are correctly introduced, demonstrating deep knowledge and understanding of the subject. The formatting of your writing project is incorrect and needs to be modified. The construction of the paper is not clear and efficient. Our service presents to try tons of of feedback made by our happy customers. What is extra, we've been bettering our service every day. With us, your studying process might be a lot sooner and easier. An introduction must capture the reader’s consideration and clarify what the essay will be about. Introductions differ based mostly on different types of essays. For instance, in a narrative essay the story doesn’t start until after the introduction. When you set your deadline, we make the utmost efforts to investigate, manage and deliver your paper punctually. We have a strict high quality assurance procedure, and the final draft reaches you in a polished form. Lack of time because you gave too much time to prep work and never enough to do the job. Cookie Policy We use cookies to improve your browsing experience on our website. Read our essay introduction weblog for deeper perception. Vivid and illustrative language, describing an individual, scene, object or reminiscence, is the quintessence of the descriptive essay. So, keep up the great work and by no means cease creating your expertise! We look ahead to helping you impress your instructors and meet your deadlines whereas providing you with extra time to do you. Pay only when it meets all requirements and is plagiarism-free. The completed paper shall be despatched to your email tackle and attached to your private account. Our buyer help group is there when you need to contact us for any function. They’ll be pleased to reply your questions whenever you want them to. Do you want someone to try it and revise correctly? You have already completed your analysis paper and also you need an professional to proofread it. We make clear each inquiry and give you speedy suggestions because we care about your time and satisfaction. The seek for writing firms to rely on and cooperate with always takes efforts. If you might be studying this text, it means you’ve already discovered an ideal answer. In your conclusion, you should clarify how all of this relates together and proves your point. There are three body paragraphs in a a thousand-word essay. Each considered one of them is targeted on a particular point of debate in the essay. The three body paragraphs work together to supply evidence and reasoning to help the thesis assertion.

How To Turn In A Custom Written Essay And Dont Get Caught

How To Turn In A Custom Written Essay And Don't Get Caught Each one ought to focus on a single declare or idea that helps to determine the overall argument or objective of the paper. A construction define may help make the writing course of far more environment friendly, so it’s worth dedicating a while to create one. Note any discussions that seem necessary to the topic, and try to find a problem that you can focus your paper round. So you could have all of this data, now what to do with it? Like research, different individuals have completely different preferences right here. And now what you could have been ready for â€" research! It may be simple to fixate on the bushes at the expense of seeing the entire forest, so be sure to do not forget that what you’re doing is including to your general career. If the paper is nice, you need to use it as a writing sample or attempt to publish it, which is able to construct your résumé. Resist the impulse to think of the paper as a hurdle. But take one moment to look at the rubric one final time. You’re making an attempt to ace this paper, which suggests you must do some extra and move past the things that every one college students can do into issues that exceptional students do. This is because expertise and sociability aren’t extracurricularâ€"college students’ lives are more and more know-how oriented and social in nature in ways in which weren’t around years in the past. As properly, notice that they’re written as interrogativesâ€"questions stimulate thought. Circle those which are most specific and makes use of them for your paper. Transition words and phrases in tutorial writing Transition phrases and phrases hyperlink collectively totally different concepts in your textual content. Using them successfully helps the reader to observe your arguments. How to write down topic sentences A matter sentence sums up the main level of every paragraph. The first step to making a profitable thesis statement is producing a concise overview of the topic at hand. In this case, expertise and the ESL classroom is the topic upon which the paper is based. So the primary portion of your thesis ought to be a generalized assertion that describes the imperatives which make your paper related. The writing of the thesis is damaged into four components. Note that the concepts get extra particular the further away they're from the center topic. Use a variety of sources, together with journals, books and reliable websites, to ensure you don't miss anything obtrusive. You can attempt free writing, which includes taking a broad subject and writing constantly for two or three minutes to establish completely something related that could be fascinating. step-by-step guide takes you thru the complete writing process, from understanding your task to proofreading your final draft. We hope you’ve enjoyed this College Choice tutorial on writing the proper research paper. Stay tuned for more tutorials on all issues associated to thriving in school. At this point, it would appear to be it’s excessive with all the superb work you just completed. This step is pretty flexible; completely different individuals will analysis for a paper in different methods. However, it’s important to stay focused and move pretty rapidly. After all, you still have to write your analysis paper. If you’re a school scholar, you will in all probability have to write a minimum of one faculty-stage research paper before you graduate. Use subject sentences to structure your concepts and keep your paragraphs targeted. Confirm that your paper completes every task specified in your project sheet. Check how your imaginative and prescient of the paper traces up with the first draft and, more importantly, that your paper still answers the project. Be specific about the topic of the paper, introduce the background, and define key terms or ideas. Paragraphs are the fundamental constructing blocks of analysis papers. Writing an excellent analysis paper could be daunting if you have by no means done it earlier than. These options differentiate our service from other firms. Thus, you don't want to battle along with your analysis paper task when you may get professional assist from our “write my customized analysis paper for me” service. We have a money-again guarantee where you are promised a refund if your paper does not comply along with your writing instructions or you aren't content with it.

Companies That Write Research Papers

Companies That Write Research Papers Some of our authors obtained a Ph.D. or a Master's Degree. We assure to find a excellent match writer in a subject you require and that will help you write a research paper for a low and reasonably priced worth. You can choose any writer out there on our platform or work with any skilled writer assigned by us to deal with your order. Will use the help of my writer once more, she is an inspiring skilled. If you'll be able to't find the necessary subject, just specify your particular request in the corresponding subject. We'll examine if there may be an expert who can cope with this assignment and let you know. As a rule, there are some cross-disciplines that require the knowledge of the topic we have in the listing. In that case, we shall be glad that will help you and write a research paper for you. The writing style is utilized to the overall research paper define and references. Place all headings and title in the middle and comply with the rest of the guidelines by downloading free MLA/APA information on-line. It is a superb idea to place an excellent research paper page instance in front of you to get every thing accomplished correctly. These points show the critical function of analysis paper assignment for college kids and scientists. We can boast extremely-qualified professionals in a wide range of scientific areas. With this form, you possibly can ship us the small print of your paper so we are able to make sure we are capable of full it. This will prevent time and shield you from the fee-refund process if we don’t find you an acceptable specialist. Even though our firm has by no means been promoting the cheapest works due to their top quality, we promise that every scholar can afford to buy educational solutions from us. We also assure regular discounts and special offers. We make sure that the candidates possess MA or Ph.D. levels from the highest educational institutions. Then, they should show their data and abilities by finishing several checks and writing a sample research paper. The work of consultants on these topics prices extra. That is why we charge you an extra charge equal to twenty% of the initial worth of your order. The “other” possibility you possibly can choose when filling in a self-discipline subject can be thought of as a posh subject. Teachers may be really annoying when they point out all of the grammar and verbal mistakes. It isn't fair that you've got spent a lot time and efforts on finding those arguments to help your level and all they see is a misplaced comma or a silly typo. To double-check your value and ensure we have a specialist prepared to write in your “different” discipline, submit a free inquiry type with all the details about your paper. Please, use this free service if you’re about to order a excessive-educational-stage paper on a complex subject. We advocate you to have a look on the reviews shared by earlier purchasers, success price, breakdown of orders, and his/her space of experience. Along with the likelihood to decide on a writer’s category and to check his or her fashion with samples, there are some other choices you need to use. If even after all the modifications and revisions you’re still unhappy along with your paper, contact our quality assurance department to use for a refund. There are some disciplines we consider advanced, as there usually are not so many specialists prepared to write on them. These are IT, engineering, mathematics, statistics, and structure, to name a number of. There is an express algorithm for analysis paper writing. If you realize the primary steps from the thought to research writing to be made, this might be of a lot analysis paper help for you. Do not forget to search for for an argument in works you’ve cited to write a analysis paper. On this stage, it's important to pick the obtainable results of similar researches and take out the redundant data. It enables you to ask for exact data you want. Be creative, try to find excellent books that completely fit your matter.

What Kind of Cash Advance Are You Looking For

What Kind of Cash Advance Are You Looking For What Kind of Cash Advance Are You Looking For? What Kind of Cash Advance Are You Looking For?There are better ways to cover a financial shortfall than by taking a cash advance, but some cash advances are even riskier than that.An unexpected budget shortfall can totally trip up your finances. Maybe it’s a surprise car repair, a sudden medical bill, or just a bunch of purchases that add up quicker than you expected. No matter what the reason, sometimes those last couple days till payday can be rough going.One way that people who need money now can try and make up their shortfall is by getting a cash advance. While this certainly isn’t the best way to try and bridge a financial gap, sometimes it can seem like the best bad option you have.The only problem is … the term “cash advance” actually applies to a couple different types of financial products, some of which are far riskier and more expensive than others. So, before you take one out, make sure you ask yourself, is this the cash advance you’re looking for? Credit car d cash advances.You standard credit card transaction is entirely cashless. You swipe the card and money is transferred automatically.  But you can use your credit card to get cash if you really need it. Just a visit an ATM or a local bank branch and you can get a cash advance that leaves you with cash in hand, with the amount you charged being added to your total balance.Still, credit card cash advances come with significant drawbacks. The first is a cash advance fee that will be charged on every transaction which can vary from as low as $2 to as much as five percent of the amount withdrawn. Either way, you’re paying extra just to get this cash in your hand.And the costs don’t end there. The second drawback of credit card cash advances is the interest rate, which will run higher than the rate you pay on a regular credit card transaction.Third, regular credit card transactions come with a one-month grace period before interest is charged. Not so with credit card cash advances, wh ich start accruing interest the very moment that theyre added to your balance. Not only will you be paying a higher rate, but you’ll be paying it immediately!Lastly, most credit cards have a daily or single-transaction limit on how much  cash you can withdraw. Even leaving aside that very few transactions require cash anymore, you’ll be restricted in how much money you can access via a cash advance.In the end, a credit card cash advance just isn’t a very good way to cover unforeseen expenses. You’d be better off just putting the transaction on your card, as you’ll benefit from both the lower interest rate and the one-month grace period.Cash advance loans.Still, a credit card cash advance is preferable to the other kind of cash advances out there: cash advance loans. These are short-term no credit check loans, essentially the same as a payday loan, and they cost way more than your typical personal loan.Cash advance loans have an average repayment period of only two weeks an d are paid back in a single lump sum. They work as an “advance” on the customer’s future paycheck, with the due date often being set for the borrower’s next payday.They often carry a flat-rate interest charge in the range of 15 percent. While this might seem like a reasonable rate, it adds up quickly when you compare it to standard personal loans. 15 percent on a two-week loan translates to an annual percentage rate (APR) of almost 400 percent!Additionally, those lump-sum repayment terms can make these loans more difficult for borrowers to repay. According to a study from the Pew Research Centers, over 80 percent of payday loan borrowers do not have the money in their monthly budget to afford their loan payments.When borrowers cannot pay back their cash advance loan on time, some will roll over the loan, securing an extension on their due date in return for an additional interest charge. Others will simply pay the loan off and then immediately take out another to cover futur e bills.When you are borrowing money to cover a budget shortfall, the last thing you want is to end up neck deep in high-interest debt. And yet, constantly rolling over and reborrowing short-term cash advance loans is how people end up trapped in a predatory debt cycle.If you’re looking for short-term bridge financing, a cash advance loan should be at the very bottom of your list.What are your other financing options?The first thing you should do when facing a money shortfall is to look at your monthly budget and see where you can cut back. (If you don’t have a monthly budget, you should go ahead and create one.) For those who can cover a shortfall by trimming back in other areas of spending, that’s the best route available.If spending less can’t entirely bridge your financial gap, you should look at earning some extra cash through a second job or side gig. You can also talk to friends and family about borrowing money from them, but you should make sure that both parties are crystal clear on the terms of the loan agreementâ€"and even then, you’re still putting your relationship at risk.Once all those options have been exhausted, only then should you start considering either an online loan  or a loan from a brick-and-mortar lender. Short-term bad credit loans like cash advances and title loans should be avoided at all costsâ€"mainly because they cost so much!If you can’t cover the shortfall using your credit card, bad credit installment loans might be the best way for you to go, especially if the lender reports payment information to the credit bureaus, which can help bolster your credit score in the long run.To stave off future shortfalls, you should build up an emergency fund that you can tap into when times get tough. To learn more about how you can improve your long-term financial outlook, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:Your Guide to Escaping a Debt Trap8 Good Habits to Get Your Financesâ€"and Your Lifeâ€"on TrackThe De bt Snowball Method Can Help You Get out of Debt8 Ways To Save Money Today, Tomorrow and Every Day AfterDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

Field Experience in Elem. School - 1305 Words

Osmara Alvarez EE4070 Summer 2013 Observation Summary Report 1 I have conducted my field of experience at Westside Elementary School, second and third grade classroom. The third grade class consists of 20 students. The teacher does not have any aide even though she needs some assistance, because two of her students are falling behind. The sad part about this is that the students have not being diagnosed yet, but they are having a lot of difficulties. The teacher mentioned that by fourth or fifth grade those two students will need to be placed in a special education classroom. The students both have a concentration problem and it causes them to struggle with reading, writing, math, listening, and speaking. The teacher asked me to†¦show more content†¦Mrs. Fricke is willing to help them and paid close attention into what they are doing. She is very patience and tries to help them by creating new and specific strategies just for the both of them. For instance, she sets the stage for learning by telling childre n why the material is important, what the learning goals are, and what the expectations are for quality performance. I noticed that she used specific language. Instead of saying, do quality works, she stated the specific expectations. While Mrs. Fricke has high expectations for everybody in the class including Mark and Sebastian, Mrs. Bellamy in the other hand just kept the students quiet. The students did not have the chance to ask anything because if they did Mrs. Bellamy will yell at them. I truly do not think it is a good idea to keep the students in such a boring environment where they can even ask a question. The teacher said that if I let misbehavior go on later on I will not be able to control it. However, I do think that raising your voice creates tension and ruins rapport. It also provides a poor model for your students by showing them the wrong way to behave when things do not go their way. Most important, it communicates to your students that you only mean what you say when you raise your voice. The students in my Fricke’s classroom seemed excited for participation. They all behaved very well, and raised their hand whenShow MoreRelatedJob Satisfaction, Work Attitude and Stress Tolerance of Public Elementary School Teachers3651 Words   |  15 Pagesteaching autonomy, and a safer, supportive school that promotes a positive atmosphere. However, according to the Mayo Clinic (2010), stress mounts when work is no longer satisfying. Lack of job satisfaction can be a significant source of daily stress. As stated by Black (2001), teachers’ stress is rising due to such factors as greater time constraints, low salaries, excessive work overloads, lack of involvement in decision – making and problems with school disciplines. Teachers suffer, due toRead MoreChomsky s Theory For Learning Language1630 Words   |  7 Pagesgrammatical and an ungrammatical sentences without ever having heard the sentence before, and that we can produce and understand brand new sentences that no one has ever said before (Smolkin Donovan, 2001). Michael Holliday another theorist from the field explains his theory of language acquisition through the functions of speech (Schiffrin Lyons, 1983) . Holliday identified seven primary functions of language, for children in their early years (Sun, 2012). Proposing the idea that children are motivatedRead MoreCognitive Failure5688 Words   |  23 Pagesimplementation of intentions or errors caused by distractions. It also involves clumsiness and problems in social interactions or problems in processing information. Mostly students are prone to experience cognitive failure. If a person continues to experience cognitive failure, his or her brain may experience problems and difficulties in coping with the processing of thoughts. Mathematical ability is probably the most important asset that a student should have. This study will identify if thereRead MoreCurriculum Development- Let Review9921 Words   |  40 Pagesemphasizes rules of grammar, reading, rhetoric and logic and mathematics needed for basic education which gives importance to the 3Rs while college education is for liberal education * Arthur Bestor, an essentialist, believes that the school should be the training ground for the intellect, hence, curriculum should give emphasis on the fundamental disciplines – grammar, literature, writing, mathematics, science, history and even foreign language. * Joseph Schwab believes thatRead MoreEffectiveness of Pccr Review Center19276 Words   |  78 PagesQuestionnaire†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. D Curriculum Vitae†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Criminology represents a complex social phenomenon. As it often draws on knowledgefrom related disciplines, it constitutes an interdisciplinary field. As an employment sector,Criminology probes the culture of crime to examine law enforcement, judicial, detentionand rehabilitation systems in which people are accused of a crime or brought to justice. Inparticular, it examines the relationship betweenRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagestranscribed and analysed. The CMS mission at Onitsha undertook the collection of a considerable amount of lexical material. Several copies of a typescript Ibo-English dictionary, edited by T.J. Dennis, are in existence (one is in the library of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London). The material is stated in the introduction to be mostly from Onitsha and its neighbourhood; it was collected by ‘Miss Warner and other Missionaries 2 Reviewed by M.M. Green in Journal of African

Are Violent Videogames the Trigger to Extremely Violent Acts

On April 20, 1999, two high school seniors walked into Colorado high school carrying AK47 rifles and opened fire. They shot dozens of people, killing 12 students and one teacher. School shootings had happened before, but this was a new scale of carnage. While searching for the reasoning behind this massacre, it was found out that the shooters had spent a lot of time playing violent video games. The question that has been asked by many is â€Å"Do violent video games cause violence in real life?† The answer is yes. They do cause violence in real life, but not to the extent publicized. Many different studies and experiments have shown varying results. Most say that violence in video games does cause violent behavior. However, it is too†¦show more content†¦Science has come to a general agreement that under certain conditions, TV does influence children’s behavior. Some believe video games are more likely to affect behavior because theyre immersive. People do not just watch video games; they  ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬interact with them. The games are also repetitive and based on a rewards system, primary components of classical conditioning, a proven psychological concept in which behavioral learning takes place as a result of rewarding (or punishing) particular types of behavior. Other physical links were revealed in a 2006 study at the Indiana University School of Medicine regarding brain activity. Researchers looked at the brains of 44 kids immediately after they played video games. Half of them played a nonviolent game, and the other half played a violent game. The brain scans of the violent-game group showed increased activity in the amygdala, which stimulates emotions, and decreased activity in the prefrontal lobe, which regulates inhibition, self-control and concentration. These increases did not show up in the scans of the nonviolent-game group. However, other studies show different results. A study by Drs. Christopher Ferguson and Cheryl Olson has shown that video games do not cause violent behavior and instead have a slightly calming effect on people. This is because the games help people to relieve their stress and anger through the games. Games that are too violent, hard orShow MoreRelatedMedia Kids Essay1262 Words   |  6 Pageswhen the brain undergoes critical development phases. During this time it is important that kids develop an accurate perception of the world they are growing up in. Over consumption of media (in general) presents a false reality that rewards for violent behavior, hinders mental and physical development, and promotes risky behavior. In response to this the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has recommended that â€Å"kids under the age of two not watch any TV and that those older than two watch no moreRead MoreThe Relationship Between Democracy And Civility1900 Words   |  8 Pagesand careful debate we once had has shifted towards violent measures to fulfill one’s own needs. The model of dissent has transformed from deliberation to violence due impart, to the technological advancements throughout the world. This ever-changing media landscape has contributed to this shift by featur ing violence within mediums such as television and video games. â€Å"Although no individual risk factor may be sufficient to cause aggressive or violent behavior on its own, each factor increases the likelihoodRead MoreEssay Violence in Video Games2668 Words   |  11 Pagesgame was brought to court over its contents in the early 1990s with the introduction of Mortal Kombat, one of the first household games that included blood. Even today, games continue to be criticized for characteristics that have been labeled as violent, sexist, or immoral and are blamed for instilling these ideas into those who play the games. However, these arguments do not have any merit. While video games may display actions and properties that have been deemed as cynical and detrimental, theyRead MoreThe Debate Over Media Effects On Our Lives2458 Words   |  10 Pageshappened to young Trevon, people were obviously saddened by the news and wanted to get justice. Although the protests started off as peac eful, they did not end that way, unfortunately due to what some people had heard or read on the media things turned violent very fast and it got dangerous. This is an example on how we can be brain washed into believing one thing yet it’s not always one hundred percent the truth. Another example would be the young ladies who have left their lives here in the UK and theirRead MoreComputer and Internet in Education13526 Words   |  55 PagesThe increasing amount of time children are spending on computers at home and school has raised questions about how the use of computer technology may make a difference in their lives—from helping with homework to causing depression to encouraging violent behavior. This article provides an overview of the limited research on the effects of home computer use on children’s physical, cognitive, and social development. Initial research suggests, for example, that access to computers increases the totalRead MoreOffensive Advertisin g : Advertising, Muslims, And Consumer Behaviour9514 Words   |  39 Pagesrange from extremely offensive to not very offensive: Alcohol, Charities, Cigarettes, Condoms, Female Contraceptives, Female Hygiene Products, Female Underwear, Funeral Services, Gambling, Guns Armaments, Male Underwear, Pharmaceuticals, Political Parties, Racially Extremist Groups, Religious Denominations, Sexual Diseases (AIDS, STD Prevention), and Weight Loss Programs. Other examples include lost cause products (Mathews, 1997), such as alcohol, tobacco, pornography, violent videogames or weaponsRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesAttractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 Questions for Review 32 Experiential

Ir Study Guide Free Essays

IR364 Study Guide for Mid-term Exam You will answer three questions on the exam worth 10 points each 1) Populism was a prevalent response to the Great Depression in Latin America. Define this term, and discuss the political and economic strategies of either the Vargas government in Brazil or the Cardenas government in Mexico. 2) By the end of World War II income inequality had already become deeply ingrained in Latin America. We will write a custom essay sample on Ir Study Guide or any similar topic only for you Order Now What are the main causes of income inequality in the region, and why has it been so difficult to eradicate highly polarized patterns in the distribution of wealth? ) Was import-substitution-industrialization an unmitigated failure in Latin America? Define this development strategy and offer a balanced critique of it. 4) Compare and contrast the economic impact of the three big shocks that hit Latin America between 1900-1950. 5) What are the main factors of endowment and key features of these factors that are considered to contribute most favorably to economic development? 6) What were the main features of Peronism in post-World War II Argentina? Despite Peron’s downfall in the coup of 1955, the Peronist movement is still alive and well in Argentina. How would you explain the lasting hold of Peronism on the Argentine public? 7) The period 1900-1914 has frequently been referred to as the â€Å"good times† for Latin America because the region was thriving on primary exports to Britain, Europe and the U. S. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a development model based primarily on raw material production for export? You will answer 5 ID questions, for 1 point each: Capital Scarcity Commodity Lottery Economic Populism Enclave Development Exchange Rate Export pessimism Import substitution industrialization Structuralism Eva Peron How to cite Ir Study Guide, Essay examples

Russian Mafia Essays - Organized Crime, Crime, Misconduct

Russian Mafia Protectionism in the New Capitalist Russia The Russian Mafia has always exercised an important role in the Russian economy. The contemporary mafiosi are descendents of the seventeenth Century highwaymen and Cossack robbers. These men occasionally murdered families prior to raids preventing them from being captured. The Russia mafiosi made a point to remain aloof from the state. Mob men were actually spurned when returning home from fighting in the Great Patriotic War. The gangs begin to dominate markets such as car sales, spare parts, cigarettes, food distribution, and other markets that the Communist Party failed to provide under the Bolsheviks (Remnick196). Since the collapse of Communism and the dawn of Capitalism, the Russian people have been troubled with innumerable obstacles. There are more than 3,000 gangs known generally as the Russian Mafia. They have proven to be a significant force in delaying the reform process (Goldman 58). The new Russian Mafia has involved themselves in every imaginable kind of criminal activity from drug trafficking and money laundering to protectionism, which penetrates into every area of society. Under the laws of the Soviet Union, the regulations were strong and external. Now the external regulators have disappeared allowing the Russian Mafia to exceedingly enlarge its strength and influence especially with the accelerated speed of privatization without legal safeguards. The Russian Mafia's effect on the Russian economy through protectionism can be viewed through the different scopes of academia, the United States Press, and the Russian Press. Protectionism is a preferred activity of the Russian Mafia. When a new private business opens, the mafia ensures that it will get a share of the profits. The mob offers the new operation protection. If the business refuses to purchase protection, the mafia uses violence against them or their property (Gustatson 105). Most entrepreneurs purchase the protection. Then the new company pays unofficial taxes to crime groups. This guarantees that nearly all new businesses will have an affiliation with the mafia. Gustatson estimates that payments can are approximately twenty percent of the profit (105). This is a major form of taxation on top of what the government already commands leading many companies to tax evasion or concealing their exact value. These acts forfeit what little protection the authorities might be able to render. The mafia demands a cut of the earnings but in turn furnish more than adequate security. The mafiosi provides protection from unaffiliated criminals and rival gangs. They ensure that property is not damaged or stolen. If entrepreneurs are visited by another organization, they must only summon their own mafia group. The two gangs will settle the matter themselves (Gustatson 105). This security is an asset that the State seemingly fails to provide. The Russian Mafia has more men and weapons than the Russian law enforcement. The police force is an intently corrupt place as is much of the Russian government. Both army officers and law enforcers are frantic for cash and willing to sell weapons such as guns, grenades, and rocket launchers (Remnick 109). The Russian Mafia is able to easily locate weaponry to carry out its duties as protectorate; while, the authorities lack money and personnel. A few days before the union dissolved the biggest Russian Mafia leaders held a summit meeting at a dacha just outside Moscow with the three main Italian crime organizations from Sicily, Naples, and Calabria. They understood that it would bring turmoil and uncertainty; yet, the Vori v Zakonye or thieves in the law saw possibility in the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The organizational leaders assembled to discuss the selling of nuclear materials, and drug-money laundering (108). The mafiosi would use their influence to access bureaucratic power. They began anticipating the collapse by becoming private businessmen: consultants and rainmakers (197). As Consultants and Rainmakers, they would assert their authority through protection. Academia states that protectionism is having a trenchant effect on the Russian economy. It helps create massive inflation to the already weak economy. The twenty percent of the gross earnings extorted from the business as protection raises the price of the goods and services tremendously for the Russian people monthly. The Russian consumer ultimately pays the protection bill (Goldman 58). It is estimated that in 1996 about eighty percent of all private businesses made regular payments to a mafia organization for protection and a substantial amount of that money ends up in other countries. (Gustatsun 104). Thus the underworld is taking a vast amount of wealth out of Russia. With the Russian Mafia handling so much money, it is little wonder that they were able to buy so

Constitual convention of the 1787 essays

Constitual convention of the 1787 essays The constitual convention of the 1787 had to deal with hard desicons and choices between fedral and state sepration. they had to deal with the Kentucky resloution, Alexander Hamilton, and the Bill of Rights. The Constitual had to figure out the hard choices to see where the central goverment should and shouldnt deal with state affiars. With all those factors the consnstitual convention had many hard desicons to make trying not to upset or cause too much drama with either side. The constitual convention of the 1787 had to deal with hard desicons and choiices between fedral and state sepration. they had to deal with the Kentucky resloution, Alexander Hamilton, and the Bill of Rights. The Constitual had to figure out the hard choices to see where the central goverment should and shouldnt deal with state affiars. With all those factors the consnstitual convention had many hard desicons to make trying not to upset or cause too much drama with either side. >Alexander hamiltion was a strong supporter of a central goverment. Fedrealist strongly stood behinde him supporting him in his ideas of setting up the bank of america taking over states debts and ruling the newly founded united states.The founding fathers thought that there were still problems with the union under the Articles of Confederation and needed to be changed with power in defferent places. Commerce was a large issue because if the difficulties in going from state to state with your goods. Hamilton and Madison felt the states were holding too much power and a central government was needed to handle the affairs of the entire union.In document one alexander hamiltion stated the police and little issues like that would be dealt with inside of the state but forgien affiars, and banking would be a central goverent issue. It was qutoed " employ all the means which regulate to its regulation to the ...

A Guide to Terminal Punctuation

A Guide to Terminal Punctuation A Guide to Terminal Punctuation A Guide to Terminal Punctuation By Mark Nichol This post outlines the functions of punctuation marks employed at the end of a sentence: the period, the exclamation point, the question mark, and ellipses. Period Periods are employed as terminal punctuation for statements other than questions or exclamations. In American English, periods precede a close quotation mark at the end of a sentence (with some technical exceptions in such fields as botany, linguistics, and philosophy). Periods also follow numbers and letters that precede each item in a vertical list. When an abbreviation ending in a period closes a sentence (such as in â€Å"Such abbreviations are common in content pertaining to mathematics, science, etc.†), it does double duty as terminal punctuation; do not add a period. An exclamation point or question mark can follow such use of a period, but revision to avoid consecutive punctuation is advised. See this post for information about the use of periods in abbreviation. Exclamation Point In formal writing, use of the exclamation point is rare, but it performs a useful function in expressing exclamation of surprise (â€Å"That’s absurd!†) or communicating an imperative (â€Å"Halt!†). It may also be employed to indicate enthusiasm (â€Å"Hi!†). An exclamation point should replace, not accompany, a comma (â€Å"No!† she replied†), though an exception is made when the exclamation is part of the title of a composition or of a component of one (â€Å"Her latest painting, titled simply Yes!, is on display†; â€Å"The final chapter, ‘Where Do I Go from Here?,’ is essential reading†). When both an exclamation point and a question mark are appropriate, choose one or the other, though in informal writing, an interrobang, a hybrid of both symbols, can be employed. Frequent use of the exclamation point, or use of two or more in succession, is distracting and should be employed only, for example, to signal in fiction writing the exuberance of a character. An exclamation point in parentheses indicates an editorial interpolation expressing alarm or surprise, as in â€Å"A speaker who seriously proposed summary execution (!) was heckled.† Writers should take care to place an exclamation point before or after a close quotation mark depending on its function. Compare, for example, â€Å"John screamed, ‘Get out!’† and â€Å"You can believe I was shocked when Mary quietly responded, ‘I know the truth, because I was there’!† In the first sentence, the exclamation point, positioned inside the quotation marks containing John’s outburst, emphasizes the screamed command; in the second sentence, the exclamation point, located outside the quotation marks framing Mary’s reported comment but within those bracketing the reporter’s statement, signals the surprise the reporter felt about Mary’s unexpected but quietly uttered admission. Exclamation points that are integral to a proper name (for example, in the company name Yahoo! or in the title of the television program Jeopardy!) are usually retained, though they may, especially in the former example, invite confusion. (Ambiguity is unlikely in the case of an exclamation point that is part of a word or phrase formatted in italics or boldface.) Question Mark A question mark is employed in place of a period to indicate an interrogative word, phrase, or full sentence- usually the latter, although it may follow a single word or a phrase functioning as a sentence, or one or more interrogative elements can be embedded in a sentence, as in â€Å"Was he feeling envy? resentment? humiliation?† (Alternatively, the last two words might be treated as one-word sentences: â€Å"Was he feeling envy? Resentment? Humiliation?†) Question marks should not punctuate indirect questions (â€Å"The question is whether the initiative should be funded by taxpayers†), sentences ending with interrogative words (â€Å"Naturally, you might ask why†), or formal requests (â€Å"Would you please respond at your earliest inconvenience†). A question mark may also replace or accompany an unknown quantity, as in â€Å"John Smith (1452?–1506) . . .† or â€Å"John Smith (?–1506) . . . .† See also the discussion of exclamation points above; all the guidance after the first paragraph in that section applies to question marks as well. Ellipses When ellipses end an unfinished sentence, the implication is that the reader is familiar with the full sentence (â€Å"When in Rome . . .†), which is delivered in an offhand manner, or that the speaker is faltering (â€Å"I was just trying to . . .†). (To represent interrupted speech, use a dash rather than ellipses; see this post about the use of dashes as internal punctuation.) When representing omission of one or more words at the beginning of a sentence that follows a full sentence, use a period and ellipses as shown here: â€Å"Finish each day and be done with it. . . . Tomorrow is a new day.† When indicating elision of one or more words at the end with a complete sentence, which is followed by another sentence, place the period for the first sentence after the ellipses as shown here: â€Å"I want to live and feel all the shades, tones and variations of mental and physical experience . . . . And I am horribly limited.† (The period is the fourth dot.) Do not place ellipses at the end of a quotation to indicate that more text follows the quotation in the source material. The use of ellipses as internal punctuation is discussed in this post. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Redundant Phrases to AvoidHow to Punctuate Descriptions of ColorsDrama vs. Melodrama

Ig E deficiency Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ig E deficiency - Case Study Example The immunoglobulin E (IgE) binds the environmental antigens or the parasitic infection agents, and then causes the release of substances from the mast cells, which causes inflammations. It is following the binding of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) to the mast cells that a cascade of the allergic reactions then occurs (Kim, Bouchard & Renzix, 2008). The surface of the mast cells is designed such that it contains special receptors that bind the IgE cells. Therefore, when two adjacent mast-cells that are already bound with the IgE antibodies come closer, they attract allergens and attach the allergens to both of them, thus cross-linking the IgE antibodies together (Scadding & Kariyawasam, 2009). After a critical mass of the IgEs have become cross linked, they release histamine and other related substances, thus beginning the cascading allergic reactions. The pathophysiology that results in the symptoms of sneezing, mucous production and airway constriction begins after a repeated exposure of the IgE to a particular allergen, for example a dust mite (Bourdin, Gras, Vachier & Chanez, 2009). The exposure to such allergens first produces an initial immune system reaction referred to as the early phase reaction, which is followed by another phase referred to as the late phase reaction, which is a more severe reaction (Scadding & Kariyawasam, 2009). Therefore, the pathophysiology of IgE reaction starts with the sensitization phase, where the IgE are exposed to an allergen for the first time. The sensitization phase where the IgE gets exposed to the allergen for the first time may occur through different forms such as inhalation, for example of dust mites, pollen or molds, or through ingestion of a certain type of parasite, food or medication (Kim, Bouchard & Renzix, 2008). The sensitization can also occur through touch, for example coming into contact with a poison ivy or latex, or through injection, for example under medication or through being stung by an

Book Review of In Labor's Cause Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Book Review of In Labor's Cause - Essay Example In his book "In Labor's Law "Brody's use of comparative analysis and his careful delineation of the unenviable choices facing workers are an important contribution to the rekindled debate over American exceptionalism. The opening two essays (Time and Work during American Industrialism and The Course of American Politics) demonstrate the strengths of the collection well. From the demands of Philadelphia carpenters in 1791 for the ten hour day "They will work from six to six-how absurd!", so remarked the Federal Gazette, for the workers' first collective demand for the ten hour day, 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. with two hours off for breakfast and dinner for which there is a record in American history, to the precipitous decline of the UMWA in the 1970s, Brody applies his wit and intelligence to the peculiarities of American labor developments. These extended essays discuss central questions in the field of labor rights from the colonial period to the present. A pioneer in the evolution of the new labor history David Brody has remained loyal to the traditional consents of labor scholarship-the trade union as an institution, the worker-employer relationship, the role of the state- while displaying a keen sensitivity to the broad historical and cultural context in which these developments occurred. In the third and forth essay Brody discusses about shaping the labor movement and the market unionism in America. Brody writes about the U.S. Communist party and their vital role played in organizing workers at a variety of such large firms as General Electric, Allis-Chalmers, and Ford and in the subways of New York City and on the docks of the Pacific Coast. Most Reds stuck to the hard business of building unions for representing workers' rights, and in this process, distinguished themselves as advocates of racial and gender equa lity in a movement that had historically known neither. The influence of Communists in unions became a flagrant liability only with the onset of the Cold War, and it bred mistrust among rank-and-filers during World War II when Communist party labor officials became the most stalwart enforcers of the no-strike pledge. That certainly did not mean that labor leaders ought to have endorsed and abetted nearly every pillar of U.S. policy during the Cold War. Workers were far better off in the capitalist welfare states of Western Europe than in the Socialist beggar regimes of the Soviet block, and U.S. labor officials played a small but useful part in ensuring that the former did not succumb to the latter. But the labor hierarchy under George Meany and his disciples spent far too much time and prestige on even the more defensible aspects of their foreign policy while labors strength at home slowly eroded. And their covert actions in the Third World all but destroyed the idealistic, democra tic reputation American unionism had build up both abroad and at home during its glory days of the 1930s and 1940s. One result was that few liberal or radical activists in the swelling movements of the 1960s took seriously organized labor's claims that it was an agent of social change. For the first time in history

Determination of crude fiber

Determination of crude fiber Dietary fiber can be defined as sum of polysaccharides and lignin that are not digested by human digestive enzymes. The major components of dietary fiber are cellulose, noncellulose such as hemicelluloses and pectin, lignin, and hydrocolloids (gums, mucilages, and algal polysaccharides). Human foodstuffs contain mainly noncellulose polysaccharides, some cellulose and little lignin. The average proportions of noncelluloe polysaccharides. Cellulose and lignin for common foodstuff are about 70%, 20% and 10% respectively(Laura and other 2003). The crude fiber method was developed in the 1850s to estimate indigestible carbohydrate in animal feeds. Since an easy alternative was not available, fiber in human foods was measured as crude fiber until the early 1970s (except for Southgate in England). Crude fiber method is one of the gravimetric method that measures the organic food residue remaining after sequential digestion with 0.255N sulphuric acid and 0.313N sodium hydroxide solutions, followed by oven-drying at 104 ºC overnight and ignition in muffle furnace at 600 ºC for 3 hours. The compounds removed are predominantly protein, sugar, starch, lipids and portions of both the structural carbohydrates and lignin. Crude fiber method measures variable amounts of the cellulose and lignin in the sample, but hemicelluloses, pectins, and added gums or hydrocolloids are solubilised and removed. Therefore, crude fibre measurement drastically underestimates dietary fibre in foods since it measures only cellulose and lignin. As a result, crude fiber method is only adequate for determination of fiber in animal feed product, but not suitable for human food analysis as lignin is significant to human health (James N.BeMiller 2003) Determination of carbohydrate Carbohydrates are important in food because carbohydrates provide energy, enhance immune function and support cellular communications. Carbohydrates are converted into energy to allow our cells to function. There are two major types of carbohydrates such as complex carbohydrates and simple carbohydrates. Complex carbohydrates are glycogen in human tissue and cellulose in plant tissues. Simple carbohydrates are monosaccharide such as glucose, fructose, galactose and disaccharides like maltose, lactose and sucrose (DeWayne McCulley 2005). The most important sources of carbohydrates are plant food such as fruits, vegetables and grains. Milk and milk products contain the carbohydrates lactose (milk sugar) but meat, fish and poultry have no carbohydrate at all. One gram of carbohydrates has four calories. To find the number of calories from the carbohydrates in a serving, multiply the number of grams of carbohydrates by four. For example, one whole bagel has about 38 grams of carbohydrates, equal to about 152 calories (Carol Ann Rinzler 2006). The determination of carbohydrates is one of the most frequently required analyses in the food analysis laboratory and has considerable application in nutritional and biochemical studies. The variety of food and beverage products from food manufacturers continues to expand. This variety, combines with raised expectations of quality and consistency from the consumer, has created a need for analytical methods that provide specific data on the composition of both raw materials and final products. Analyses for carbohydrates must be applicable to simple ingredients, complex processed foods, and fractions or components isolated in nutritional studies. (Eliasson, 2006) There are several methods of carbohydrate analysis and can be divided into physical methods and chemical method. Physical methods generally determined some overall features of the sugars in food such as total carbohydrates. The physical methods include refractometry, polarimetry and hydrometry. Unlike physical methods, chemical methods are able to determined more specific features, for example, reducing sugar. In this experiment, carbohydrates in foods were determined by difference after knowing the content of other food components. The accuracy of the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“by differenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  method depends on the determination of other food components and does not make any distinction between the available and nonavailable carbohydrates. The advantage of this method is carbohydrates content can be calculated without carry out an experiment (Nollet 2004). Determination of Vitamin C Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) which forms cementing substance such as collagen in the body is important in wound healing and increasing resistance to infections. This vitamin also enhances the absorption of non-heme iron and may protect against some cancers and cardiovascular disease. Milk contains only a small amount of ascorbic acid (0.94 mg per 100g milk). Processing or exposure to heat such as pasteurization reduces the vitamin C content of milk. The current RDA for vitamin C for most adults is 60mg per day (Gregory and others 1999). Besides, pregnant women need a moderate increased for vitamin C during last trimester to meet the needs of the growing fetus. The vitamin C content in food is strongly influenced by length of time on the shelf and in the storage and cooking practice likes the heating and exposure to copper or iron or to mildly alkaline conditions destroys the vitamin (World Health Organization 1998). The AOAC method for determining vitamin C in food is based upon the reduction of the dye 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) with ascorbic acid in an acid solution. DCPIP is used as the titrant because it only oxidizes ascorbic acid and not other substances that might be present. Besides, it acts as a self-indicator in the titration because it changes to another color when in excess analyte (ascorbic acid). In the oxidized form, DCPIP is purplish-blue in neutral or alkaline solution, and pink in acid solution; the reduced form of dye is colorless. The solution will remain colorless as more DCPIP is added until all of the ascorbic acid has reacted. As soon as the next drop of DCPIP solution is added at the solution and the solution is turn to light red or pink due to the excess DCPIP, the end point of the titration is reached. Hence, the ascorbic acid is oxidized to dehydroascorbic acid by DCPIP solution. However, this method is not capable of determining dehydroascorbic acid conten t that presents more or less 80% of vitamin C activity shown by ascorbic acid. The diagram below show the reaction between ascorbic acid and 2, 6-dichloroindophenol (DCPIP). (Ball 1997) Redox reaction between ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP). Before using DCPIP to quantitatively measure vitamin C, the concentration of the DCPIP solution must be known. The concentration of DCPIP solution can be determined by react the DCPIP solution with a solution of ascorbic acid with a known concentration. This is known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“standardizingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  the solution and it must be done before determine the concentration of vitamin C of sample. The vitamin is very susceptible to oxidative deterioration, which is enhanced by high pH and by the presence of ferric and cupric ions. For this reason, the entire analytical procedure needs to be performed at low pH and in the presence of a chelating agent if necessary. (Ronald and Landen 2003) For example, ascorbic acid is extracted from food and titrated with the indicator in the presence of acid like oxalic acid. These acids are used to preserve the correct acidity for reaction and to avoid auto oxidation of ascorbic acid. 1. James N.BeMiller. 2003. Carbohydrate Analysis. In: S. Suzanne Nielsen. Food Analysis. 3rd ed. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. p144-169. 2. Laura E. Matarese, Michele M. Gottschlich. 2003. Contemporary nutrition support practice: a clinical guide. 2nd ed. USA: Saunders. 173-175p. 3. Carol Ann Rinzler. 2006. Nutrition for Dummies. 4th ed. USA: Wiley Publishing. 102p. 4. DeWayne McCulley. 2005. Death to Diabetes: The Six Stages of Type 2 Diabetes Control Reversal. South Carolina: BookSurge. 56p. 5. 3. Ann-Charlotte Eliasson. 2006. Carbohydrates in food. 2nd Edition. USA: CRC Press. 2-3p. 6. Handbook of Food Analysis: Physical Characterization and Nutrient Analysis. 2nd ed. USA: Marcel Dekker, Inc. 387-393p. 7. G. F. M. Ball. 1997. Bioavailability and analysis of vitamins in foods. United Kingdom: Chapman Hall. 521-523 p. 8. Gregory D. Miller, Judith K. Jarvis, Lois D. McBean. 1999. Handbook of dairy foods and nutrition. 2nd ed.USA: CRC Press. 24p 9. World Health Organization. 1998. Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition. China: Sun Fung. 135-137p. 10. Ronald R.E and W.O.Landen, Jr, 1999. Vitamin Analysis. In: S. Suzanne Nielsen. Food Analysis. 3rd edition. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. New York. p 182.