Ig E deficiency Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ig E deficiency - Case Study Example The immunoglobulin E (IgE) binds the environmental antigens or the parasitic infection agents, and then causes the release of substances from the mast cells, which causes inflammations. It is following the binding of the immunoglobulin E (IgE) to the mast cells that a cascade of the allergic reactions then occurs (Kim, Bouchard & Renzix, 2008). The surface of the mast cells is designed such that it contains special receptors that bind the IgE cells. Therefore, when two adjacent mast-cells that are already bound with the IgE antibodies come closer, they attract allergens and attach the allergens to both of them, thus cross-linking the IgE antibodies together (Scadding & Kariyawasam, 2009). After a critical mass of the IgEs have become cross linked, they release histamine and other related substances, thus beginning the cascading allergic reactions. The pathophysiology that results in the symptoms of sneezing, mucous production and airway constriction begins after a repeated exposure of the IgE to a particular allergen, for example a dust mite (Bourdin, Gras, Vachier & Chanez, 2009). The exposure to such allergens first produces an initial immune system reaction referred to as the early phase reaction, which is followed by another phase referred to as the late phase reaction, which is a more severe reaction (Scadding & Kariyawasam, 2009). Therefore, the pathophysiology of IgE reaction starts with the sensitization phase, where the IgE are exposed to an allergen for the first time. The sensitization phase where the IgE gets exposed to the allergen for the first time may occur through different forms such as inhalation, for example of dust mites, pollen or molds, or through ingestion of a certain type of parasite, food or medication (Kim, Bouchard & Renzix, 2008). The sensitization can also occur through touch, for example coming into contact with a poison ivy or latex, or through injection, for example under medication or through being stung by an

Book Review of In Labor's Cause Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Book Review of In Labor's Cause - Essay Example In his book "In Labor's Law "Brody's use of comparative analysis and his careful delineation of the unenviable choices facing workers are an important contribution to the rekindled debate over American exceptionalism. The opening two essays (Time and Work during American Industrialism and The Course of American Politics) demonstrate the strengths of the collection well. From the demands of Philadelphia carpenters in 1791 for the ten hour day "They will work from six to six-how absurd!", so remarked the Federal Gazette, for the workers' first collective demand for the ten hour day, 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. with two hours off for breakfast and dinner for which there is a record in American history, to the precipitous decline of the UMWA in the 1970s, Brody applies his wit and intelligence to the peculiarities of American labor developments. These extended essays discuss central questions in the field of labor rights from the colonial period to the present. A pioneer in the evolution of the new labor history David Brody has remained loyal to the traditional consents of labor scholarship-the trade union as an institution, the worker-employer relationship, the role of the state- while displaying a keen sensitivity to the broad historical and cultural context in which these developments occurred. In the third and forth essay Brody discusses about shaping the labor movement and the market unionism in America. Brody writes about the U.S. Communist party and their vital role played in organizing workers at a variety of such large firms as General Electric, Allis-Chalmers, and Ford and in the subways of New York City and on the docks of the Pacific Coast. Most Reds stuck to the hard business of building unions for representing workers' rights, and in this process, distinguished themselves as advocates of racial and gender equa lity in a movement that had historically known neither. The influence of Communists in unions became a flagrant liability only with the onset of the Cold War, and it bred mistrust among rank-and-filers during World War II when Communist party labor officials became the most stalwart enforcers of the no-strike pledge. That certainly did not mean that labor leaders ought to have endorsed and abetted nearly every pillar of U.S. policy during the Cold War. Workers were far better off in the capitalist welfare states of Western Europe than in the Socialist beggar regimes of the Soviet block, and U.S. labor officials played a small but useful part in ensuring that the former did not succumb to the latter. But the labor hierarchy under George Meany and his disciples spent far too much time and prestige on even the more defensible aspects of their foreign policy while labors strength at home slowly eroded. And their covert actions in the Third World all but destroyed the idealistic, democra tic reputation American unionism had build up both abroad and at home during its glory days of the 1930s and 1940s. One result was that few liberal or radical activists in the swelling movements of the 1960s took seriously organized labor's claims that it was an agent of social change. For the first time in history